资料简介
石钟山记苏轼
江西省湖口县鄱阳湖东岸,有南北二山,南边的叫上钟山,北边叫下钟山。千百年来,关于名山的来历众说纷纭。宋代散文家苏轼曾亲自到石钟山考证其得名的原由,并写了一篇被清代桐城派代表方苞、刘大魁等人赞誉为“坡公第一首记文”的《石钟山记》。今天我们就来学习苏轼的这篇散文。石钟山
苏轼(1037—1101),北宋文学家、书画家。字子瞻,号东坡居士。眉州眉山人。幼年承受家教,深受其父苏洵的熏陶。嘉佑二年与弟苏辙同榜进士,深受主考欧阳修赏识。苏洵、苏轼、苏辙,时称“三苏”。人赞曰“一门三父子,都是大文豪。词赋传千古,峨眉共比高。”苏轼一生遭受政治磨难。苏轼是北宋成就最高的文学家,又是具有多方面创作才能的大家。他是“唐宋八大家”之一,他的散文,汪洋恣肆,明白畅达。他的诗,清新豪健,善用夸张比喻,在艺术表现方面独具风格。他的词,改变了五代以来婉约柔靡的风格,开创了豪放一派的词风,与辛弃疾合称“苏辛”。他在书法绘画、音乐方面也有很高的造诣。有诗文集《东坡七集》等。
检查预习,朗读课文,正字音,注意朗读节奏彭蠡()钟磬()寺僧()无射()泊()殆()lǐqìngsēngyìbódài
解释下列句中加点的词①余自齐安舟行适临汝往、去②而长子迈将赴饶之德兴尉赴任、就职③因得观所谓石钟者能④至莫夜月明通“暮”⑤余方心动欲还心惊⑥空中而多窍中间是空的⑦与向之噌吰者相应,如乐作焉演奏⑧汝识之乎?通“志”,记住
比较下列各句中“焉”的意义和用法①彭蠡之口有石钟山焉句末语气词②于乱石间择其一二扣之,硿硿焉相当于“然”,形容词词尾③微波入焉,涵淡澎湃而为此也兼词,相当于“于之”④如乐作焉句末语气词
比较下列各句中“而”的意义和用法①余固笑而不信也并列关系,不译②余方心动欲还,而大声发于水上转折关系,可是③涵淡澎湃而为此因果关系,因而④空中而多窍并列关系,不译
解释下列横线的词——注意啦!
补出省略词1磔磔云霄间。2有大石当中流1又有老人咳且笑于山谷中者。2而大声发于水上
判断句子的句式特点A、石之铿然有声者B、磔磔云霄间C、噌吰者,周景王之无射也D、此世所以不传也E、古之人不余欺也介词短语后置:定语后置句:宾语前置句:判断句:BAEC、D
例:又有若老人咳且笑于山谷中者A.石之铿然有声者B.而大声发于水上C.古之人不余欺也D.噌吰者,周景王之无射也
在预习的基础上疏通大意,逐段提出自己不理解的字、词、句。1、师生共同总结归纳实词、虚词、通假字、词类活用及重点文言句式。(1)通假字至莫夜月明()汝识之乎()莫,通“暮”。莫夜,即晚上。识,通“志”。读zhì。识:知道。
(2)古今异义1余自齐安舟行适临汝2空中而多窍3此世所以不传也4自以为得其实5余方心动欲还1古:往,到。今:适合,舒服。2古:中间是空的。今:天空中。3古:表缘故。今:表结果的连词。4古:两个词连用。其,那,指示代词。实,事情真相,名词。今:一个词。义为“实质上”。5古:心惊。今:内心产生想法或感情。
(3)词类活用余自齐安舟行适临汝事不目见耳闻微风鼓浪而此独以钟名虽大风浪不能鸣也大石侧立千尺。(名词作状语)(名词作状语)(名词作动词)(名词作动词)(动词使动用法)(名词作状语,在旁边)
(4)一词多义余余韵徐息余固笑而不信自自以为得之矣余自齐安舟行适临汝云水经云云霄间焉崆崆焉微波入焉(剩余的。形容词)(我。代词)(自己。代词)(从。介词)(说。动词)(名词)(相当于“然”。形容词词尾)(兼词,相当于“于是”即“到那里”)
搏水石相搏森然欲搏人莫至莫夜月明故莫能知得得双石于潭上因得观所谓石钟者鼓如钟鼓不绝微风鼓浪(击,打。动词)(抓,扑。动词)(通“暮”,日落的时候。名词)(没有谁。否定性无定指代词)(得到,找到。动词)(能够。助动词)(一种乐器。名词)(拍。名词作动词)
始至唐李渤始访其遗踪始舍于其址是是说也,人常疑之所在皆是也遗至唐李渤始访其遗踪使人遗赵王书(才。副词)(当初。副词)(这。代词)(这样。代词)(遗留。动词)(送给。动词)
把握文意,理清全文思路第一段:对石钟山命名缘由的两种解释表示怀疑。第二段:通过实地考察探究石钟山命名的真正缘由。第三段:因事见理。概括每段大意
归纳写作思路第一段质疑,提出问题,属议论部分;第二段解疑,属记叙部分;第三段质疑解释的基础上得出了全文的中心思想,属议论部分。
游因——质疑郦说——人常疑之李说——余尤疑之游历——解疑夜游见闻大石侧立栖鹘惊飞鹳鹤怪叫水声轰鸣肯定命名游感——总评:不可臆断有无议论为主提出问题叙议结合解决问题集中议论抒发感想
比较异同课文项目《游褒禅山记》《石钟山记》结构。记游议论先记游,后议论议论——记游——议论扼要概括较叙事描写交相烘托深入阐释,充分论说不加阐释
重点句子1今以钟磬置水中,虽大风浪不能鸣也。2石之铿然有声者,所在皆是也。3余自齐安舟行至临汝。4事不目见耳闻,而臆断其有无,可乎?5而陋者乃以斧斤考击而求之,自以为得其实。
作业背诵全文,完成课后练习一、三、四。
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