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一、冠词讲解
• 1、什么是冠词：
• 冠词放在名词之前，用来说明名词所指的人或事物。
• 2、冠词分类：
• 定冠词：the
• 不定冠词：a 和 an
• 3、冠词含义：
• “the”相当于“this/that/these/those”，翻译成“这”
• “a和an”相当于“one”，翻译成“一个、一只……”
• 4、冠词特点：
• (1)它们本身都不能单独使用 ，必须和名词一起使用。
• (2) a/an + 单数可数名词
• the + 可数名词/不可数名词，单复数均可，表示特指。
• 如：a dog , an orange ,
• the dog, the dogs, the water, the hair
一、冠词讲解
• 5、冠词用法——不定冠词a/an 的用法：
• ⑴用在单数名词前，表一类或一个事物
• 如：He is a girl.
• ⑵用于第一次提到的和泛指的“单数可数名词”
• 如：Do you have a ruler?
• ⑶用于某些固定词组中
• 如：a lot of
• ⑷an 和a 的用法相同，只是an要用于以元音音素
开头的单词前，而a用于辅音音素开头的单词前。
• 如：a pen，an old man ，an hour ，a baby
一、冠词讲解
• 练习：用a和an填空
• ____ useful bag ____ apple
• ____ umbrella ____ old man
• ____ European ____ big pig
• ____ egg ____ orange
• ____ hot dog ____ pencil-box
• ____ hour ____ nice boy
• There is _____ "u" in the word "hour". There is
_____"h" in the word "hour".
一、冠词讲解
• 6、冠词用法——定冠词the 的用法：
（1）句子中第一次出现名词时，用an/a，第二次出
现时用the
如：There is a dog on the table, I like it very much
because the dog is so cute.
（2）the放在名词之前，相当于this,表示特指，可
以翻译为“这”，
如：the book(=this book)这本书
（3）The+形容词 代表“一类人”，
如：the old 老年人 the young 年轻人 the poor 穷人
• The Old Cat
• An old woman had a cat. The cat was very old; she could
not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so
old. One day the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and
caught the mouse. But she could not bite it; so the mouse
got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could
not bite it.
• Then the old woman became very angry because the cat
had not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat. The cat
said, "Do not hit your old servant. I have worked for you
for many years, and I had caught
• a lot of mice, but I am too old. Do not be unkind to the old,
but remember what good work the old did when they were
young."
文章中第一
次出现
woman，用
了“an”
文章中第
二次出现
cat,用了
“the”
文章第一次
出现cat，
用了“a”
文章第
一次出
现
mouse，
用了“a”
文章第二次
出现mouse，
用了the
文章第二次出
现woman，用
了the
the的特殊用法：
the+形容词，表示
“一类人”
“a” 的固定短语：a lot
of 表示“许多的”意思
二、量词用法
• 1、什么是量词？
• 表示物体数量的词
• 2、量词种类
• (1)精确数字：
• one, two, three, four, five, six....等表示精确数字的数词。用来修
饰可数名词的数量。
• 例如：two apples ， five dogs
• (2) 表示“一些”、“许多”的词或词组：
• 许多：much, many, a lot of……
• 一些、一点：some, a little, a few……
• 等表示不精确数量的词。
• 例：many books ， much water ， a lot of cats
• (3)用容器单位来表示数量的量词
• a cup of ，a bottle of ，a piece of...等。常用来修饰不可数名词。
• 例如：a cup of water，a bottle of milk
• (4)成双成对的表达 ：
• a pair of + glasses 、trousers、shoes……
二、量词用法
量 词 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 举 例
many many students
much much money
a lot of a lot of apples/water
a few a few dogs
a little a little water
some some dogs/money
a cup of a cup of tea/coffee
a glass of a glass of water
a piece of a piece of paper
量 词 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 举 例
many many students
much much money
a lot of a lot of apples/water
a few a few dogs
a little a little water
some some dogs/money
a cup of a cup of tea/coffee
a glass of a glass of water
a piece of a piece of paper
三、名词
• 一、名词分类：
• 不可数名词和可数名词
• 二、可数与不可数名词的区别：
• 1、可数名词：普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以
按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词
• 如：bag-bags desk-desks
• 2、不可数名词：普通名词所表示的事物是不能按
个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词
• 如：water，air，food
三、名词
• 三、可数与不可数名词特点：
• 1、可数名词特点：
• ①单数可数名词前必须要加冠词“a/an/the”
• 如：a boy, an apple, the bird
• ②复数可数名词，遵循单复数变化规则
• 如：a boy-two boys an box-four boxes
• 2、不可数名词特点：
• ①前不加冠词“a/an”
• ②后不加复数形式“s/es”
• 如：some water ， two sheep
三、名词
• 四、不可数名词分类：
• 1、液体：water，tea，coffee，juice……
• 2、气体：air(空气)
• 3、肉类：meat, beef, chicken 鸡肉
• 4、种类名称 ：food 食品，fruit 水果，
money 钱
• 5、抽象名词：love 爱， time 时间，
三、名词
• 五、如何表达不可数名词的“量”
• 1、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法：
• (1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of ,
plenty of 用等表示多少
• 如：如there is much water in the bottle .
• (2)用结构：“数词 +量词 +of + 名词”
• 如：two cups of coffee
三、名词
• 六、小学中常见不可数名词：
• water(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶)
• Juice(果汁) hair(头发) coffee(咖啡)
• bread(面包) rice(米饭) rain(雨)
• grass(草) paper(纸) money(钱)
• film(胶卷) chocolate(巧克力)
• beef(牛肉) butter(黄油) candy(糖果)
• chicken (鸡肉) Coke (可乐) fish(鱼肉)
• baby, box， bus, butterfly , child , city , class ,
factory ，family ，
练习
用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. How many________ (sheep) are there on the hill?
2. There is some________ (food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________ (tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________ (water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________ (people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________ (photo), OK?
7. I have lots of________ (tomato) here.
8. The________ (leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
练习
9. The________ (child) are playing games
on the playground now.
10. Their________( dictionary) look new.
11. I see you have a few white________ (hair).
12. They are________ (woman) doctors.
13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?
14. There are many________ (fox) in the picture.
15. I would like some apple________ (juice). I am very thirsty.
一、可数名词单复数变化规则
规 则 举 例
1、一般情况，在名词后直接加 s bag--bags book--books
2、以“s / x / ch / sh ”结尾的名词，
加 es
bus--buses box--boxes
watch-watches peach-peaches
3、以辅音母字加 y 结尾的名词，
去 y 变 i 加 es
baby-babies story-stories
family-families
4、以 o 字母结尾的名词，有生命
的加 es ，无生命的加 s
hero-heroes negro-negroes
potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes
zoo-zoos
一、可数名词单复数变化规则
规 则 举 例
5、以“ f ”或 “fe”结尾的名词，去
“f”或“fe” 加 “ves”
wife-wives wolf-wolves
knife-knives life-lives
6、单复同形，即单数复数形式一
样。
sheep、 deer 、 fish 、people
a sheep two sheep
7、特殊变化 man-men woman-women
foot-feet tooth-teeth
8、表示“国家人”的词
(1)单复同形 中（Chinese）日（Japanese）瑞
（Swiss）
(2)把 “a” 变成 “e” 英（Englishman-Englishmen）
法（Frenchman- Franchmen）
(3)直接加“s”的 德（German-Germans）
美（American-Americans）
人称代词
第三人称
第二人称
第一人称 I ， we
主格
you
he, she ,
it ,they
me ， us
you
him ， her
It them
宾格
形容词性物主代词
I you she he it they we主格：
My your her his its their our形容词性物主代词
物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代
词两种。
物主代词有人称和数的变化。
第三人称单数的物主代词还有性的变化。
1. 形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，用在名词前。
EG：1. This is my book. 这是我的书
I you she he it they we主格：
mine yours hers his its theirs ours
名词性物主代词
2. 名词性物主代词起名词的作用。
EG：♤ 1. Look at the two pencils. The red one is yours
and the blue one is mine.
看那两支铅笔，红的是你的笔，蓝的是我的笔。
♤ 2. He likes my pen. He doesn”t like hers.
他喜欢我的钢笔。不喜欢她的钢笔。
名词性物主代词：
主格
I you he she it we they
形容词性
物主代词 my her
their
名词性
物主代词 yours ours
宾格 it
your his Its our
mine his hers Its theirs
me you him her us them
1. This is（my / I）mother.
2. Nice to meet （your / you）.
3. （He / His）name is Mark.
4. What’s（she / her）name?
5. Excuse（me / my / I）.
6. Are（your / you）Miss Li?
7. （I / My）am Ben.
8. （She / Her）is my sister.
9. Fine , thank （your / you）.
10. How old is （he / his）
exercises
exercises
二、用所给代词的正确形式填空。
1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers.
2. That is _______( she ) sister.
3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister.
4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary.
5. Now _____________(her parents) are in America.
6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students.my
her
Lucy ‘s
my
they
children
his
exercises
7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name?
8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends.
9. Thanks for helping ________( I ).
10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher.
Its
are
me
Ann’s our
1.This is not _____ desk. My desk is over there.
2.Can you spell _____ name,Tom?
3. Tom and Jack are brothers.
This is _____ room.
4. We are in the same class.
_____ classroom is very nice.
5. Mrs Green is my teacher. I’m
_____ student.
物主代词练习
一、冠词的概念
放在名词前，用来说明名词所指的人或物，对名词起限制
作用的虚词叫做冠词。
二、冠词的分类
冠词有两种，定冠词和不定冠词
冠词
定冠词
不定冠词
the
a an
三、冠词的用法
1.不定冠词a和an的用法
(1)a 用在以辅音音素开始的名词前；an用在以元音音素开
始的名词前。
如：an apple a bed
(2)表示某类人或事物中的“一个”，但不强调数目概念，
没有one强烈。
如：I have a new bag.
(3) 用于第一次提到的和泛指的单数可数名词前。
如：There is a book on the desk.
Do you have a ruler?
(4)用于某些固定词组中
如: have a good time a lot of have a look
2.定冠词the的用法
(1）用在对话双方都知道的人或物前。
如：Close the door, please. 请关门。Look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。
（2）特指某些人或事物。
如：Who’s the girl in blue? 那个穿蓝衣服的女孩是谁？
The book on the desk is mine.桌上的书是我的。
（3）指上文提到的人或物。
如：A woman is coming. The woman is our English teacher.
一位女士正向这边走来。这位女士是我们的英语老师。
There is a monkey in the tree. The monkey is eating bananas.
树上有一只猴子。这只猴子正在吃香蕉。
（4）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
如：the third day 第三天 the tallest boy 最高的男孩
（5）用于某些习惯用语中。
如：in the same class 在同一个班 on the left 在左边 play the violin 拉小提琴
（6）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前。
如： The sun is shining.阳光明媚。The earth is round. 地球是圆的。
（7）用在海洋、湖泊、海峡、山脉等地理名词前。
如：the Yellow River 黄河
（8）用在姓氏的复数前，表示一家人。
如：The Lis are going to have a trip.李先生一家打算去旅行。
3.不用冠词的情况
(1)在表示节假日等名词前不用冠词。
如：Spring Festival Christmas
(2)在一日三餐前不用冠词。
如： It’s time for breakfast.
(3)在表示季节、年月、星期、球类运动和棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词
如：It’s Friday . I like playing football.
(4)称呼语前面不用冠词
如：Mum，where is my hat? Aunt Zhang.
(5)名词前已有做定语用的代词时，不再用冠词。
如：This is my bag. Those are your books.
(6）在某些固定词组前不用冠词
如：at night go to school at home
Exercise:选择题
1.There is rubber in pencil box. Pencil-box is Ping Ping ’s.
A. a; the;The B.the, the ,The C. a;the;A
2. boys are twins. They look same.
A./;/ B.The; the C The; the
3.Wang Ping isn’t Chinese boy。He is English boy.
A. a; an B.an ; an C. an ; a
4.She has got long hair and big eyes..
A. a,two B. the,the C. /,/
5.Look！ cat is eating fish.
A.a B. The C.an
6. ball under the desk is mine.
A. / B.The C. A
7. Let me have look.
A. a B. / C. the
8.Look , moon is round.
A. a B. / C. the
9.l like summer better than winter.
A. /; the B./; / C the; /
10.When is your birthday? It’s 14th of August.
A. a B.the C. /
Fill in the blanks.给下列句子填上恰当的冠词
1.I have new dress and you have old dress.
2.In evening, I often watch TV.
3.It’s Saturday. Let’s go to Great Wall.
4.That’s basketball. I like playing basketball.
5.You have got bad cold.
You must take medicine three times a day.
6.On first day, I went to a park with my friend.
a an
the
the/
a /
a
the
the
一、数词的概念
表示人或事物的数目和顺序的词是数词。
如：eight 8 nineteen 19 sixty-six 66
first 第一 tenth 第十 twenty-seventh 第二十七
二、数词的分类
数词分为基数词和序数词。
1.基数词
（1）1-19的基数词
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen
seventeen eighteen nineteen
(2)20-90的整十数基数词
twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
(3)非整十数基数词(十位和个位数之间用连字符号“-”)
Twenty-three forty-four ninety-nine
（4）101-999的基数词
①整百基数词 five hundred 500 eight hundred 800
②非整百基数词 one hundred and one 101
three hundred and sixty-five 365
（5）1000以上的基数词
five thousand 5,000
nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine 9,999
thirty thousand 30,000
（6）年代的读法：每两位数读一读
1997nineteen ninety-seven
2010 two thousand and ten
请读一读下面的句子
There were 450 sheep and 83 cows in the farm in 2005.
读作：There were four hundred and fifty sheep and
eighty-three cows in the farm in two thousand and five.
2.序数词
（1）1-19的序数词
first第一 1st second第二2nd third第三3rd
fourth第四4th fifth第五5th sixth第六6th
seventh第七7th eighth第八8th ninth第九9th
tenth第十10th eleventh第十一 twelfth第十二
thirteenth第十三 fourteenth第十四 fifteenth第十五
sixteenth第十六 seventeenth第十七
eighteenth第十八 nineteenth第十九
（2）20-90的整十数序数词：基数词词尾y变成i,再加eth/IT /
twentieth第二十 thirtieth第三十
fortieth 第四十 fiftieth 第五十
sixtieth 第六十 seventieth第七十
eightieth 第八十 ninetieth第九十
twenty-eighth第二十八 28th thirty-third第三十三33rd
eighty-first 第八十一81st two hundred and fifty-fourth 第二百五十254th
（3）非整十数序数词
三、数词的用法
1.基数词的用法
（1）编号的事物用基数词
如：She is the No.one.她是第一名。
Today we are going to learn Lesson Three.
（2）表示时间时用基数词。
如：eight o’clock 8点
eleven twenty-five 十一点二十五分（可从前到后依次读）
twenty to eleven 十点四十分（分针大于30，可用to)
a quarter past seven 七点一刻 (分针小于或等于30，可用past)
（3）表示年龄时用基数词
如：He is twenty. 他二十岁了。
When she was six, she went to primary school.
当她六岁时，她上了小学。
（4）一些数学公式的读法
4+9=13：Four plus/and nine is thirteen.
15-7=8: Fifteen minus seven is eight.
2.序数词的用法
⑴序数词主要用作定语、表语。前面要加定冠词the.
The third chair is better than the second. 第三把椅子比第二把好。
⑵表示日期的读法
9月10日读作：September (the) tenth或 the tenth of September.
Exercises
一、把下列基数词改成序数词
one . five . thirty .
twelve twenty-two .
first fifth thirtieth
twelfth twenty-second
二、选择题
1.-What time is it now? -It’s .
A.No.6 B. six ten o’clock C. half past six
2.There are days in January.
A.29 B.30 C.31
3.-How much is the coat?- It’s .
A.thirty o’clock B. thirty yuan C. thirty years old
4.-Which class are you in? - .
A.I’m two. B. I’m in class two. C. I’m in Class Two.
5.-When is your birthday? - .
A. It’s on the 10th of July. B. It’s on 10 of July. C. It’s 10 of July.
6.I can see six oranges in the bag and eight oranges in the box.
I have got oranges
A. forty B. fourteen C. fourteenth
7.I am Tom. I have two brothers. My parents have sons.
A. one B. two C. three
8. My parents have three children. My brother is older than me, and my sister is
younger than me. I am the child of my parents.
A. third B. second C. two
9.-How many stars are there in our national flag(国旗)?
- There are .
A. four B. five C. six
10.China hold Olympic Games successfully.
A. the twenty-ninth B. twenty-nineth C. the twenty-eighth
11.Today is of the new term. All the students are happy to see each other.
A. one B. first C. the first
12.Sunday is the day of a week.
A. first B. last C second
13.The twelfth month in a year is .
A. November B. December C. October
14. -How can I get to the supermarket?
- Go along the street and turn left at crossing.
A. the second B. two C. second
15.His birthday is on .
A. 1995,April 6 B. April six,1995 C. April 6,1995
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