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高考英语阅读理解考前冲刺训练 1
阅读理解(Reading)
[全真试题]
应用文 01
Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary
page. (You may read the questions first)
jaguar n. a type of large, yellow-colored cat with black markings found in the
southwestern region of the US. and in Central and South America.
jargon 1. n. speech that doesn’t make sense. 2. n. an unknown language that
seems strange or impossible to understand. 3. n. a language made up of two or more
other languages: His jargon was a mixture of French and English. 4. n. the special
vocabulary of a field or profession: Her report on computers was field with jargon.
jaunt 1. n. a trip taken for fun 2. v. to go on a brief pleasant trip: We jaunted
to the country last Saturday .
javelin 1. n. a spear most commonly used as a weapon or in hunting 2. n. a
light-weight metal or wooden spear that is thrown in track-and-field contests. 3.
n. the contest in which a javelin is thrown. 4. v. to strike, as with a javelin
jazz 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized
by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang empty
talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz: a jazz band, a jazz records
jennet n. a small Spanish horse
1. Which meaning of the word javelin is used in the sentence below?
At the competition, Jack drew his arm back and threw the javelin 50 yards.
A. Definition 1 B. Definition 2 C. Definition 3
D. Definition 4
2. Which meaning of the word jargon is used in the sentence below?
Doctors often speak in medical jargon.
A. Definition 1 B. definition 2 C. Definition 3
D. Definition 4
3. What does the word jazz mean in the following sentence?
Don’t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.
A. rhythmic beats B. a type of music
C. meaningless talk D. a kind of dance
记叙文 03
Martha had been working for Miller Laboratories for two years, but she was not
happy there. Nothing significant had happened in the way of promotions or salary
increases. Martha felt that her supervisor, a younger and less experienced person
than she, did not like her. In fact, the supervisor often said unpleasant things
to her.
One day, while talking with her friend Maria, she mentioned how discouraged she
was. Maria gave her the name of a cousin of hers who was director of Human Resources
Department for a large chemical company. Martha called him the next day and set up
an interview on her lunch hour.
During the interview, Mr. Petri said, “You’re just the kind of person we need
here. You’re being wasted in your other job. Give me a call in a day or two. I’m
sure we can find a place for you in our organization.” Martha was so happy she almost
danced out of the building.
That afternoon, Ruth Kenny, her supervisor, saw that Martha had come in ten
minutes late from her lunch hour and she said, “Oh, so you finally decided to come
back to work today?”
This was the last straw. She could not take another insult. Besides, Mr. Petri
was right: she was being wasted in this job.
“Look,” she said angrily, “if you don’t like the way I work, I don’t need
to stay here. I’ll go where I’m appreciated! Good-bye!” She took up her things
and stormed out of the office.
That night she called Maria and told her what had happened and then asked Maria,
“What do you think?”
“Well,” said Maria carefully, “are you sure about the other job?”
“Well, not exactly, but…”
Maria continued, “Will you be able to get a recommendation from Mrs. Kenny if
you need one?”
“A recommendation?…from Mrs. Kenny?” hesitated Martha, in a worried tone.
“Martha, I hope you didn’t burn your bridges.” Maria said. “I think I would
have handled it differently.”
1. Martha is unhappy in her job because _____.
A. she has not advanced
B. the work is not significant
C. her supervisor is younger than she
D. there is too much work with little payment
2. Which of the following statement is NOT true?
A. At her supervisor’s criticism, Martha lost her temper.
B. Mr. Petri felt Martha was not valued in her present job.
C. Martha’s interview with the director was on her lunch hour.
D. Martha got the name of the director through her cousin.
3. The phrase “the last straw” probably refers to _____.
A. the last opportunity B. the straw that saves Martha’s life
C. the last reminder D. the final unpleasant
thing
4. What does Maria think of Martha’s decision?
A. Martha has handled the matter properly.
B. Martha shouldn’t have set the bridge on fire.
C. Martha should have found a new job before leaving.
D. Martha shouldn’t have lost her temper with her supervisor
说明文——人物纪实 05
Britain’s oldest man made his first visit to London yesterday at the age of
110. Mr. John Evans had never found the time or the money – to make the trip from
his house near Swansea. But, when British Rail offered him an all-expenses-paid
birthday trip to the capital, he just could not refuse.
Until yesterday he had never been far from home, except for one trip to Aberdeen.
Mr. Evans, who spent 60 years working as a miner in South Wales, almost made the
journey to London once before, at the turn of the century. “There was a trip to
the White City but it was ten shillings (1 shilling =1/20 pound) return from Swansea
– too much I thought. All my money went to the family then, “he said.
During the next two days Mr. Evans will be taken on a whistle–stop tour of
London to see the sights. Top of his list is a visit to the Houses of Parliament
(国会).
The only arrangement he does not care for is the wheelchair provided to move
him about if he gets tired. “I don’t like the chair business – people will so
think I am getting old,” he said.
His secret for a long and healthy life has been well publicized–no alcohol,
no cigarette and no angry. Before setting off from Swansea with his 76-year-old son,
Amwel, he quipped, “I’m glad to see they’ve given me a return ticket. “
1. It’s reported that Mr. Evans’s healthy long life was to a certain extent due
to his _____.
A. wine drinking B. proper smoking
C. mild temper D. sense of humor
2. Which of the following statements is true?
A. A single trip from Mr. Evans’s house to the White City used to be ten shillings.
B. The first place for Mr. Evans to visit is the Houses of Parliament.
C. He appreciated people’s arrangement of a wheelchair during his visit
D. Mr. Evans once made the journey to London at the end of the century.
3. The word “quip” in the last sentence most probably means _____.
A. to make a witty remark B. to express a happy message
C. to make a wish D. to tell a joke
4. What might be the best title for this passage?
A. 110-year-old Tourist B. Secret for Long and Healthy Life
C. Free Return Ticket D. Sightseeing in London
说明文——自然科学 05
Equipped only with a pair of binoculars (双筒望远镜) and ready to spend long
hours waiting in all weathers for a precious glance of a rare bullfinch (红腹灰
雀). Britain’s birdwatchers had long been supposed to be lovers of a minority sport.
But new figures show birdwatching is fast becoming a popular pastime, with almost
three million of us absorbed in our fluttering feathered friends.
Devoted birdwatchers, those prepared to travel thousands of miles for a sighting
of a rare Siberian bird, are fast being joined by a new breed of follower whose
interest is satiated by watching a few finches (雀科鸣鸟) on a Sunday walk or putting
up a bird-box in the back garden.
“Almost three million UK birdwatchers is certainly possible if you include
everyone with only a casual interest,” Stephen Moss said in his newly published
book—A Bird in the Bush: a Social History of Birdwatching —which records the
pursuit from the rich Victorian Englishman’s love of shooting rare birds to the
less offensive observational tendencies of birdwatchers today.
Television wildlife programs have helped to fuel the new trend. Last summer,
BBC 2’s Britain Goes Wild was a surprise success. It pulled in three million viewers
and led to bird-houses selling out across the UK as 45,000 people promised to put
up a box.
Birdwatchers’ networking system first came to the attention of the nation in
1989, when a birdwatcher caught sight of the first Vermivora chrysoptera—a
golden-winged songbird from North America—to be seen in Britain. He put a message
out on the network service Birdline, and next day 3,000 birdwatchers proved the full
pull of a truly rare bird as they visited the Tesco car park in Kent, where it had
settled. Today, birdwatchers can log on to www.birdline.co.uk or have news of the
latest sightings texted to their phones.
“Multimillion-pound spending on binoculars, bird food and boxes point to the
increasing numbers of birdwatchers,” said David Cromack, the editor of Bird
Watching magazine, “The number of people involved is so big that they have great
potential to influence government decisions affecting the environment.”
1. The word “satiated” in paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “_____”.
A. affected B. shared C. satisfied D. narrowed
2. What happened after the message of seeing a Vermivora chrysoptera was put on the
network?
A. Birdwatchers helped the rare bird settle in Kent.
B. Large numbers of birdwatchers went to view the bird.
C. Many birdwatchers logged on to the website for details.
D. Birdwatchers showed their determination to protect the rare bird.
3. Which of the following CANNOT be true according to the passage?
A. Television wildlife programs started the popular pastime of birdwatching.
B. The network service has contributed to the rapid development of birdwatching.
C. Birdwatching in Britain was long considered a sport with a small group of
followers.
D. The current situation of birdwatching may promote the protection of the
environment.
4. The passage mainly tells us about _____ in UK.
A. the history of birdwatching
B. a growing passion for birdwatching
C. the impact of media on birdwatching
D. birdwatching as a popular expensive sport
论述文 04
We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school
and examination system in the name of equality, other, still in the name of equality,
want only to destroy it.
Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of
achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed—no
examination is perfect—but to have to tests or examinations would mean the end of
equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who
do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in school or on teachers.
This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend
on the efficiency, the values and the purpose of each teacher.
Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly
respected schools and from families known to them －a form of favoritism will replace
equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show
certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lake of certificate
indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school. This
defend of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away,
and the bright child form a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s
reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favored school.
The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil
force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there
must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there
should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should
be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who
themselves are probably selected by some computer.
1. The word “favoritism” is used to describe the phenomenon that _____.
A. bright children also need certificates go get satisfying jobs.
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certificates are favored in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
2. What would happen if exams were taken away according to the author?
A. Schools for bright children would lose their reputation.
B. There would be more opportunities and excellence.
C. Children from poor families would be able to change their schools.
D. Children’s job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation.
3. The opponents of the examination system will agree that _____.
A. jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection
B. computers should be selected to take over many jobs
C. special classed is necessary to keep the school standards
D. schools with academic subjects should be done away with
4. The passage mainly focuses on _____.
A. schools and certificates B. examination and equality
C. opportunity and employment D. standards and reputation
[巩固与提高]
（一）
RESUME
DOUGLAS V. FERNETTI
Address: 636 Rugar Street Joliet, Illinois 60451
Date of Birth: June 5, 1960
Height: 6' Weight: 195 lbs. Health: Excellent
Phone: 309 876 –0012 Married: Helen Son: Jim (2)
EXPERIENCE
1978 to 1983: Joliet Bridge Company, Joliet, Illinois.
Began as an apprentice and became accomplished journey-man pattern maker.
1983 to Present: Joliet Bridge Company, Joliet, Illinois.
Promoted to Forman, Pattern Division. Responsibilities include the
supervision of fourteen personnel, maintaining work schedules and making
assignments, maintaining stock inventories, and supervising two apprentices.
PERSONAL ACTIVITIES
From 1979 to 1983 attended evening school in order to complete high school
education. Received H.S. Diploma from the State University of Illinois in 1983.
Since 1983 have attended evening classes at Joliet Community College. Have
completed eighteen semester hours credit with nine hours in personnel
management. Other activities include regular church attendance, member of
ELKS, and help with Little League.
PERSONAL STATEMENT
Although I have been very happy at Joliet Bridge and have had excellent
opportunity, it is necessary that I relocate my family due to my son's allergies
(过敏症). In this respect, desire a position in the Southwest United States.
Am willing to consider a position as a pattern maker, tool and die maker, or
as a supervisor. My major attributes are my reliability and loyalty to my
company and my ability to work with others.
REFERENCES
References are available upon request.
1. What does Douglas do at present in Joliet Bridge Company?
A. Pattern maker. B. Leader
of Pattern Division.
C. Member of ELKS. D. Apprentice.
2.What was Douglas doing in 1982?
A. Working in Joliet Bridge Company B. Studying at Joliet Community
College
C. Helping with Little League D. A, B and C
3.Why does Douglas want to leave Joliet Bridge Company?
A. Because he is not satisfied with his present job.
B. Because he has not been successful in the company.
C. Because he does not get along well with his colleagues.
D. Because his son is not used to the weather in Illinois.
4.If you want to know the age of Douglas' son, what can you do?
A. Write to 636 Rugar Street. B. Telephone 309 876-0012
C. Ask his wife Helen. D. Find it in the
resume
（二）
Types of Insurance
health insurance --pays for hospital
treatment
life insurance --you put money into the
scheme (方案) which pays out when you die
building and contents --to cover the
direct effects of an accident or disaster
e.g. a fire or a flood
motor vehicle insurance --covers damages
to any of the firm’s motor vehicles
employers’ liability (责任) --covers
accidents or illnesses that happen as a
result of employees’ work
public liability insurance --this covers
any accident which might happen to the
general public. e.g. when they are
visiting a company’s premises. （建筑
物及周围土地）
All companies must have this insurance by
law.
product liability--covers accidents or
injuries as a result of using the product
bad debts insurance --covers the risk of
customers not paying for the foods
key man cover --this is taken out to cover
the risk of death of a senior figure e.g.
the managing director
goods in transit insurance --covers
goods while they are being moved around
1. Mr. Smith is a managing director of a big company. His company has to take out
_____ according to the law.
A. bad debts insurance B. health insurance
C. key man cover insurance D. public liability insurance
2. “Goods in transit insurance” seems the most necessary to _____ among the
following.
A. a bus company B. a shipping company
C. a taxi company D. a travel agency
3. Jack has just moved into his newly-bought house. He might be most interested
in _____ now.
A. buildings and contents insurance B. employers’ liability
C. motor vehicle insurance D. product liability
（三）
This is time of year when we think about giving and receiving presents. Can you
find a little extra to give? On this page we suggest a few organizations you might
like to help.
Littleton Children’s Home
We don’t want your money, but children’s toys, books and clothes in good
condition would be very welcome.
Also—we are looking for friendly families who would take our children into their
homes for a few hours or days as guests. You have so much—will you share it?
Phone Sister Thomas on 55671.
Children’s Hospice
We look after a small number of very sick children. This important work needs
skill and love. We cannot continue without gifts of money to pay for more nursing
staff. We also need story books and toys suitable for quiet games.
Please contact The Secretary, Little Children’s Hospice, Newby Road.
Street Food
In the winter weather, it’s no fun being homeless. It’s even worse if you’re
hungry. We give hot food to at least fifty people every night. It’s hard work, but
necessary. Can you come and help? If not, can you find a little money? We use a very
old kitchen, and we urgently need some new saucepans. Money for new ones would be
most welcome indeed.
Contact Street Food, c/o Mary’s House, Elming Way, Littleton. Phone 27713.
Littleton Youth Club
Have you got an unwanted chair? a record player? a pot of paint?
Because we can use them!
We want to get to work on our meeting room!
Please phone 66231 and we’ll be happy to collect anything you can give us.
The Night Shelter
We offer a warm bed for the night to anyone who has nowhere to go. We rent the
former Commercial Hotel on Green Street. Although it is not expensive, we never seem
to have quite enough money. Can you let us have a few pounds? Any amount, however
small, will be such a help.
Send it to us at 15, Green St, Littleton. Please make check payable to Night
Shelter.
1. According to the passage, these organizations are working for _____.
A. homeless and sick children
B. less fortunate members of our society
C. hungry people who have no beds to sleep in
D. friendly members of our society to help others
2. If you like children and can offer a happy family to a homeless child, you may
go to _____.
A. Street Food B. Night Shelter
C. Children’s Home D. Children’s Hospice
3. We can infer that _____.
A. there are too many social problems in this country
B. people are very poor during the time for giving presents
C. warm-hearted people like to give away money
D. this passage is taken from a local newspaper
4. If your child has grown up, you may take the child’s things to _____.
A. Children’s Home and Children’s Hospice
B. Youth Club and Children’s Home
C. Children’s Hospice and Night Shelter
D. Youth Club and Night Shelter
（四）
Welcome to the National Maritime Museum!
The National Maritime（海洋）Museum is the largest of its kind in the world,
with over two million items in its collections. Twenty galleries display some of
the finest sea affairs in historic buildings, which were formerly a school for the
sons of seamen.
Opening times
10:00-17:00 Winter hours 10:00-18:00 Summer hours
Last admission is thirty minutes before closing. Smoking is not allowed in the
museum. Eating and drinking are only allowed in the designated（指定的）areas.
Photography and video are not permitted inside the building.
Bookings
Our Central Booking Group handles all group visit enquiries（需求）, from schools,
group organizers and tour operators.
Education and Interpretation
Schools’ programs operate in term-time. Programs of talks, tours, work-shops,
storytelling, living history and interpretation（解说）are run throughout the year,
especially at weekends and during school holidays.
E-library
Facilities（设备）are provided for electronic access to the museum’s collections.
Please ask a member of staff（员工）for directions to the nearest terminals. These
facilities are also available from the comfort of your own home.
1. This passage mainly tells us _____ the museum.
A. the way to get to B. the purpose to build
C. a brief introduction to D. a detailed description of
2. Which of the following is certainly forbidden according to the passage?
A. Trying to enter the museum after 5:00 p.m.
B. Taking pictures in front of the museum.
C. Talking loudly when you enjoy the collections.
D. Eating and drinking wherever you are.
3. From the passage we learn that _____.
A. the museum runs a school and has students of its own
B. students can receive different kinds of education here
C. part of school education has to be done in the museum
D. school programs are only run at weekends and on holidays
4. It can be inferred that _____.
A. the museum is very popular among visitors
B. things from ancient times are more attractive
C. the most valuable things are displayed in the museum
D. the museum is anxious to make more money
（五）
Everything has two sides. One side of SARS is already clear. It is a deadly
disease, which causes fear. There were 2601 cases recorded on the Chinese mainland
on April 24, according to government figures. Some 115 people have died and numbers
keep rising.
But, there’s another side. SARS is a reminder (提示) of how weak life can be.
Suddenly, it’s not just the old people who are thinking about death. Everyone now
realizes there might not always be a tomorrow.
Wang Xingying, a Senior 3 students in Taiyuan, came into contact with a suspected
SARS patient in mid-April. He was told to stay at home for at least two weeks.
“Watching TV about more and more SARS patients dying, I never knew that death could
be so close. Life is valuable and I’m going to treasure every single day,” he said.
SARS teaches people to be grateful, not only for their own lives, but also for
others. Doctors and nurses, for example, have to spend all their time with infected
（感染的）patients. As a result, more than 20 percent of SARS cases in China are
medical workers.
Xu Bing, a Senior 2 student of Beijing No.5 Middle School wants to be a doctor
when he grows up. “Although they certainly know the dangers, doctors and nurses
remain bravely dedicated（献身的）to serving people’s lives. I’m deeply moved by
what they have done. I think they are real heroes,” he said.
SARS also teaches sympathy. The past few weeks have been terrible for Chinese
people. But there are far worse things than SARS in this world, such as war,
earthquakes and murders. Think of the Iraqis, who have been living terrible lives
for 20 years. Think of how the Americans felt on 9/11.
And finally, SARS offers the chance to grow. All different types of people and
government officials are joining together to cope in this difficult time. When this
passes, China and its people will have learned great lessons.
1. The story of Wang Xinying is given in this passage mainly to _____.
A. tell us the hardship of life B. tell us the weakness of life
C. tell the cruelty of SARS D. tell us the job of life
2. The main points discussed in the passage is _____.
A. SARS is a deadly disease B. SARS teaches us a lot
C. Chinese people are going all out to fight the disease
D. doctors are dedicated to saving people’s lives
3. Among the infected patients by SARS, which of the following is most?
A. Students B. Doctors and nurses C. Workers D.
Officials
4. The writer tells us of the brighter side for SARS in _____ ways.
A. two B. three C. five D. four
5. According to this passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Before SARS, few young and healthy people are thinking about death
B. There is, now, nothing worse than SARS in the world.
C. It can be concluded that SARS is only dangerous to medical workers.
D. Doctors and nurses have known how to deal with this kind of disease and they
are sure of curing all the patients.
（六）
The old-fashioned general store is fast disappearing. This is, perhaps, a pity,
because shopping today seems to lack that personal element which existed when the
shopkeeper knew all his regular customers personally. He could, for instance,
remember which brand of tea Mrs. Smith usually bought or what sort of washing-powder
Mrs. Jones preferred. Not only was the shop a center of buying and selling, but also
a social meeting place.
A prosperous general store might have employed four or five assistants, and so
there were very few problems in management as far as the staff was concerned. But
now that the supermarket has replaced the general store, the job of the manager has
changed completely. The modern supermarket manager has to cope with a staff as many
as hundred, apart from all the other everyday problems of running a large business.
Every morning, the manager must, like the commander of an army division, carry
out an inspection of his store to make sure that everything is ready for the business
of the day. He must see that everything is running smoothly. He will have to give
advice and make decisions as problems arise, and he must know how to get his huge
staff to work efficiently with their respective responsibilities.
No matter what he has to do throughout the day, however, the supermarket manager
must be ready for any emergency that may arise. People in the trade say that you
are not really an experienced supermarket manager until you have dealt with a flood,
a fire, a birth and a death in your store.
1. In the author's opinion, it is a pity that there are fewer old general stores
now because _____.
A. there is less trading business
B. there used to be more social activities in the old days
C. the supermarket manager has more problems than before
D. there is less personal contact between manager and customer
2. In what way has the job of the store manager changed?
A. He doesn't sell tea and washing-powder any more.
B. He has a much larger staff to take care of, to say nothing of all the other
daily problems of running the store.
C. He must try hard to remember the names of his regular customers.
D. He has to give advice and make decisions when problems arise.
3. Who are Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Jones mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. They are friends of the store manager's.
B. They are shop assistants.
C. They are both regular customers of the store.
D. They represent any of the regular customers of the old general store.
4. The supermarket manager is compared to ______ by the author.
A. an orchestra conductor B. a traffic
supervisor
C. a military leader D. a school
inspector
（七）
In an age when technology moves faster than most can keep up with, a small group
of people still remain in the time of old-fashioned letters. Frankly speaking, I
was once certain that traditional letters could never be replaced by other means
of communication.
But a story about online communication changed my mind.
An old man, who suffered a lot from Parkinson’s disease, was not able to talk
clearly and could hardly write his name. Living totally alone, he managed to keep
in touch with nearly all the members of his family. How did he achieve this? He clicked
out words on his computer keyboard.
I, therefore, managed to get an E-mail box as soon as the opportunity came. My
life changed.
E-mail, and all online communication, is something truly different. It has
capabilities that few other products can match.
E-mail is convenient. It takes less time with its fast speed and 24-hour
connection. The slow postal service is no match. If you wouldn’t want to have a
face-to-face talk with your manager, you might talk with him through E-mail even
if you are in the same office.
Naming all the good things about online communication is not easy. But wait.
E-mail can be inconvenient. It can waste time and energy. Just think what may happen
when you take a short vacation and return to find your E-mail box filled with 200
unread messages. You could easily spend half a day clearing junk ads.
Then, online communication will keep us staying at our computer while it connects
us to distant strangers. Once we throw ourselves into the machine, we may forget
the human touches we once held so dear. I’m sure there is and always will be a place
for the old-fashioned letter, phone call, and face-to-face meeting… even in the
world of modern communication.
As I listen to the sound of the modem, I was excited at stepping out to the outside
world but, at the same time, I sensed a loss of control over something valuable in
my personal life.
1. What is the most probable meaning of the underlined word “junk” in para. 7?
A. Old and useless. B. New and useful.
C. Short but valuable. D. Long but clear.
2. What caused the writer to become interested in E-mail and online communication?
A. The sound of the modem. B. His own illness.
C. The changing of his life. D. A sick old man’s experience.
3. What does the writer think of online communication?
A. It should replace old-fashioned letters completely.
B. It is perfect and always does good to you.
C. It is useful and convenient, but it may be inconvenient or even harmful.
D. It does more harm than good.
4. According to the writer, traditional means of communication will never disappear
because _____.
A. they are convenient and popular though they are slow.
B. they help to keep the friendly relationship between people.
C. most people cannot keep up with the development of technology.
D. modern means of communication does too much harm.
（八）
They are among the 250, 000 people under the age of 25 who are out of work in
the Netherlands, a group that explains the cause of 40 percent of the nation’s
unemployed. A storm of anger boils up at the government-sponsored（政府资助的）
youth center, event among those who are continuing their studies.
“We study for jobs that don’t exist,” Nicollets Steggerda, 23, said.
After thirty years of prosperity, unemployment among 10 member nations of the
European Community has reached as much as 11 percent, affecting a total of 12.3
million people, and the number is climbing.
The bitter disappointment long expressed by British youths is spreading across
the Continent. The title of a rock song “No Future” can now be seen written on
the brick walls of closed factories in Belgium and France.
Recent surveys have found that the increasing argument in the last few years
over the deployment（部署）in Europe of North Atlantic Treaty Organization missiles
and the possibility of nuclear war have clouded European youths' confidence in the
future.
One form of protest（反对）tends to put the responsibility for a country’s
economic troubles on the large numbers of “guest workers” from Third World nations,
people welcomed in Western Europe in the years of prosperity.
Young Europeans, brought up in an extended period of economic success and general
stability, seem to be similar to Americans more than they do their own parents.
Material enjoyment has given them a sense of expectation, even the right, to a
standard of living that they see around them.
“And so we pass the days at the discos, or meet people at the cafe, and sit
and stare,” said Isabella Cault. “There is usually not much conversation. You look
for happiness. Sometimes you even find it.”
1. Unemployment in the Netherlands has affected ______.
A. about 0.6 million people B. 250, 000 people
C. less than half of the population D. one million people
2. What Nicollete Steggerda said（Para. 2）means that ______.
A. what the students learn is more than necessary
B. the students cannot get work after graduation
C. the students’ aim in study is not clear
D. school education is not sufficient（enough）
3. What does the underlined word “prosperity” most probably mean?
A. advance in politics B. economic troubles
C. political crisis D. achievements in economy
4. British youths ______.
A. have pity on the unemployed on the Continent
B. have been the first to show their disappointment over joblessness
C. care about unemployment in France and Belgium
D. are trying to find work on the Continent
5. It seems that young Europeans ______.
A. are more like Americans than their elders in their way of thinking
B. look more like Americans than their elders do
C. expect more from Americans than from their elders
D. look upon life as their elders do
（九）
The U.S. birthrate began to decline in the middle 1950’s, resulting in a smaller
college age population starting in the middle 1970’s. Something else happened in
the 1970’s: the price of oil increased tremendously, driving up the price of almost
everything and making Americans aware that their large automobiles used a lot of
gasoline. At the same time, foreign car manufacturers had begun to produce small
fuel-efficient cars in large quantities for the export market. Suddenly, the large,
gas-guzzling（非常耗油的）American cars were no longer attractive to American buyers,
who began buying foreign cars by the thousands. The American automobile industry
went into a recession. Thousands of automotive workers were laid off, as were
thousands of people in industries indirectly connected with the auto industry.
People who are laid off tend to keep what money they have for necessities, like food
and housing. They do not have the extra money needed to send their children to college.
Their children cannot pay their own college costs, because during a recession they
cannot find jobs. High unemployment means that more state funds must be used for
social service－unemployment benefits and to aid dependent children, for example
－than during more prosperous times. It also means that the states have fewer funds
than usual, because people are paying fewer taxes. Institutions of higher education
depend on two major sources of income to keep them functioning: tuition from students
and funds from the states. At the present time, there are fewer students than in
the past and fewer state funds available for higher education. The colleges and
universities are in trouble.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. The rising of oil price drove up the price of everything.
B. There were many reasons why higher education was in trouble in the 1970’s.
C. Birthrate began to decline in the USA in 1950’s.
D. High unemployment caused a lot of social problems.
2. The phrase “laid off” can best be replaced by which of the following?
A. Poor B. Got rid of C. Removed D. Unemployed
3. American cars weren’t popular in their domestic markets because of _____.
A. small B. gas-consuming C. fuel-efficient D. not attractive
4. The colleges and universities were in trouble because of the following reasons
except that _____.
A. they couldn’t get enough income to keep them running
B. young people couldn’t afford the tuition fees
C. keeping them running at the same level would cost much more
D. social services need more state funds because of the recession
5. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _____.
A. young people couldn’t afford their own tuition in the 1970’s
B. it’s difficult for graduates from colleges to find a job in the 1970’s
C. fewer parents could afford to send their children to college because of the
recession in 1970’s
D. Birthrate dropped in the 1970’s because of the recession
（十）
It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around
large cities with factories and/or heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that
although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally
worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution
has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings
even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile
traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air
pollution. Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide
in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating
a “greenhouse effect"-holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the
world's average temperature. If this view is correct and the world's temperature
is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such
as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water.
Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particulate matter in the
atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth's temperature-a result that
would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something
close to new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of
our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these
conditions will happen (though one recent government report prepared by experts in
the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely). Perhaps, if we are
very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world's temperature
will stay about the same as it is now.
1. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air
pollution _____.
A. caused widespread damage in the countryside
B. affected the entire eastern half of the United States
C. had damaging effects on health
D. existed merely in urban and industrial areas
2. As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author _____.
A. shares the same view with the scientists
B. is uncertain of its occurrence
C. rejects it as being ungrounded
D. thinks that it will destroy the world soon
3. The word “offset"(Line 6, Para. 2) could best be replaced by _____.
A. slip into B. make up for C. set up D. catch up with
4. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A. raising the world's temperature only a few degrees wouldn’t do much harm
to life on earth
B. lowering the world's temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major
farming areas to disaster
C. almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade
D. the world's temperature will remain constant in the years to come
5. This passage is primarily concerned with _____.
A. the greenhouse effect B. the burning of fossil fuels
C. the potential effect of air pollution D. the likelihood of a
new ice age
（十一）
The producers of instant coffee（速溶咖啡）found their product strongly resisted
in the market places despite their product's obvious advantages. Furthermore, the
advertising expenditure（花费）for instant coffee was far greater than that for
regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers’ seemingly
unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike
for the taste. The producer suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however.
This was confirmed by one of motivation research's classic studies, one often cited
in the trade.
Mason Haire of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that
were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists:
hamburger, carrots, bread, baking powder, canned peaches, and potatoes, with the
brands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in fifth place on both lists, read
“one pound Maxwell House coffee" on the list and “Nescafe instant coffee" on the
other. One list was given to each one in a group of fifty women, and the other list
to those in the other group of the same size. The women were asked to study their
list and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman (“personality
and character") who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had
received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and
a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the
housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy; only six of that
group suggested that she was probably not a good wife. No one in the other group
drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.
1. In the opinion of instant coffee producers, ______.
A. people should buy regular coffee
B. regular coffee is superior to instant coffee
C. instant coffee should have a good market because of its obvious advantages
D. the advertising expenditure for regular coffee is very great
2. In this instance, the purpose of motivation study was to discover ______.
A. why there were deeper reasons
B. why instant coffee did not taste good
C. why regular coffee was successful
D. the reason why people resisted instant coffee
3. The list on which “Nescafe instant coffee" was written as an item was given
to a group consisting of ______.
A. 7 people B. 7 women C. 14 people D. 50 women
4. On the result of this test, the producers of instant coffee probably would
advertise on TV to show a ______.
A. lazy wife drinking instant coffee
B. stupid wife using instant coffee
C. hard-working woman drinking instant coffee
D. good wife using regular coffee
5. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. It is reasonable for people to resist instant coffee
B. Advertising does not always assure favorable sales results
C. People pay little attention to advertising
D. Regular coffee has better taste than instant coffee
[参考答案]
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