资料简介
Unit 3
Grammar and usage
The development of a text
The grammar items in this unit focus
on one aspect of the structure of a
text — the development of a text. You
will learn how a text should be
written to allow readers to move
from one idea to the next easily.
A text usually includes several parts.
We call these parts the title, the
beginning paragraph, the body
paragraphs and the concluding
paragraph.
1.标题
标题不应太长，应简单明了。
2.起始段
起始段应含有主题陈述，一般为第一句。
跟其他段落一样，在起始段中，主题句之
后应有支撑句。
起始段应能捕捉读者的注意，引起其阅读
整个篇章的兴趣。我们可以通过列出有趣
的事实、提出问题或仅提供一部分细节来
吸引读者注意。
3. 主体段
• 主题句
• 支撑句
• 段落的结论句
4. 结论段
结论段应包括最终的主题陈述（也有可
能是预测），结论段也可能谈及起始段
提到的例子。
Let’s come back to the passage in
the reading part.
We’ll analyze the passage according
to this method.
How many paragraphs are there in the text?
There are ten paragraphs.
What is the title of the text?
The title is “Aids Today”.
Can we learn what the text is about
from the title?
Yes. We can learn that the text is
about the deadly disease of Aids at the
present time.
If you are asked to divide the whole text
into several parts, how will you divide it?
We can divide it into three parts. The
first part is the introduction in the
first paragraph. The second part is the
main body and includes the next eight
paragraphs. The conclusion is the last
paragraph, and is the last part.
Stella is planning an essay on the
importance of Aids education. Help her
complete the plan by choosing sentences
and putting them in the right order.
Write the correct letter in the boxes.
Sentences a to i are listed in the textbook.
Beginning paragraph
Body paragraph 1
Body paragraph 2
Concluding paragraph
Topic sentence
supporting sentence
hook
Topic sentence
supporting sentence
Topic sentence
supporting sentence
concluding sentence
Title f
i
d
g
e
a
c
h
b
Put the following paragraphs in
the right order. Then write
whether each paragraph is the
beginning, a part of the body or
the conclusion.
a. Unlike previous generations, young
people today have been exposed to
continuous loud noise. For example,
many young people listen to loud
music on their MP3 players and go to
rock concerts, where the volume is so
loud that it can damage their hearing.
This damage can be temporary or
permanent.
b. Doctors and scientists are working to
help people suffering hearing loss,
including improving traditional hearing
aids. However, we should be careful to
protect our hearing as we can only stop
hearing loss, not reverse it. As the old
saying goes, prevention is better than
cure.
c. Noise is perhaps the most common
cause of hearing loss later in life. This
is in part because the modern world is
full of noise. If a person is continuously
exposed to such loud noises as from a
construction site or motorcycle, his or
her hearing may be damaged.
d. There are various causes of
hearing loss. Some people are born
deaf; others lose hearing later in life.
The latter may be due to ageing,
disease, injury or exposure to a lot
of noise.
e. Have you ever imagined that one
day you may not be able to hear
anything at all? It is estimated that
one in ten people today suffer from
hearing loss. It is likely that you may
be one of them.
The right order: ________________
Beginning paragraph: ___________
Body paragraphs: ______________
Concluding paragraph: __________
e. d. c. a. b
e
d. c. a
b
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