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天天资源网 / 初中道德与法治 / 教学同步 / 部编版(2016) / 八年级下册 / 道德与法治八年下册《6.5 国家司法机关》同步练习

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2021 中考英语知识点汇总 一.英语语法重点与难点 1、 as…as…结构:你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。 You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom. 2、 (1)too…to 与 so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换:前者为简单句,主 语只有一个,而后者为复合句,主语有两个,试比较: The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak. (2) too…to…与 not enough to 句型的转换: He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married. The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read. 3、 形容词原级表示比较级含义: 约翰不象迈克那么苯。John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleverer than Mike. 4、 用比较级表示最高级:约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. 5、 the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”: The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is. The more food you eat, the fatter you are. 6、 more and more….表示“越来……越……”: More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language. Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 二.中考考点—词组 1. after, in 这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思 after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中? 如:She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的 in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中如:She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走 2. how long, how often, how soon how long 指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如 three days, four weeks 等) 提问?如:How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了? how often 指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如 once a week 等)提 问?如:—How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次? 每月一次。 how soon 指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如:How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来? 3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some few 和 little 的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而 a few 和 a little 的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿” few 和 a few 修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词 several 用于修饰可数名词,语意比 a few 和 some 更肯定,含有“好几个” 的意思 some 可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于 a few 或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量 4. the other, another the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指?如:We stood> another 着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少 三个中的一个?如:She has taken another of my books. 她已经拿了我的另外一 本书 5. spend, take, cost, pay spend 的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且 后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语?如:She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整个晚上用来读书 take 常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如:How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间? cost 指花费时间?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用 于被动语态?如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱? pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?如:I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金 6. among, between between 的意思是“在……中间,在……之间”,一般指在两者之间? 如:There is a table between two windows. 在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子。 between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间。 如:the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之 间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?) 7. beat, win 这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同?beat 是“打败,优于” 的意思,后面接人或队?如:We beat them. 我们打败了他们。 win 指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛?名次?如:We won the match/game/race/the first place. 我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)。 8. agree with, agree> agree> agree with 表示“与……意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称 代词,也可以跟表示意见。看法的名词或 what 引导的从句?。如:I agree with you without reservation.我毫无保留地同意你的意见。We agree with what you said just now.我们同意你刚才所说的意见。 agree to 后面不能接人,只能接“提议,计划,方案”等词句?如:I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意拟议的条件。 9. bring, take, carry,fetch 这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同。 bring 作“带来,拿来”解?如:Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。 take 是 bring 的对语,作“带去,拿去”解?如:Take the box away, please. 请 把盒子拿走。 carry 表示“运载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车、船,也可以用手 甚至用头。如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 这辆巴士准载一百人。 fetch 则表示“去拿来”的意思。如:Please fetch me the documents in that room. 请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。 10. each, every 两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同。each 着重个别的情况,every 着 重全体,有“所有的”的意思。如:She knows each student of the class.她认识这 个班里的每一个学生。She knows every student of the class.她认识这个班所有 的学生。 11. no> no> none 指“一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主语时代替不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单、复数都可以。但在“主+ 系+表”结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式。如:None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties. 我们谁也不怕困难。 12. go> 这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思,其区别如下:go> 13. too much, much too 二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too 为副词词组,修饰形容词?副词,不可修 饰动词。如:It’s much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。 too much 作“太多”讲,有以下三种用法? (1)作名词词组 如:You have given us too much. 你给我们的太多了。 (2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词 如:Don’t drink too much wine. 不要饮太多的酒 (3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词 如:She talks too much. 她说话太多 14. happen, take place 与 occur happen 有“偶然”的意思,多用于客观事物?情况的发生?。如:Whatever has happened to your arm? It’s all swollen. 你的手臂怎么了?肿得好历害! occur 指有计划地使某些事“发生”,有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中。 如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个 电话? 事 件 作 主 语 时 ,happen 和 occur 可 以 通 用 ? 如 :The accident happened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天发生的。 take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示“举行”的意思,带有非偶然性?例 如:The meeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行。 15. in front of, in the front of in front of 的意思是“在……前面”。如:There is a tree in front of the house. 房子前面有一棵树。 in the front of 的意思是“在……前部”,指在某个空间范围内的前面。 如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室里前部有一块黑板 16. noise, voice, sound 这三个词都作“声音”解,在表示“听到声音”这个意思时,三者可以通用, 但它们又各有特定的含义。 sound 作“声音”解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,如:a weak sound 微 弱的声 noise 作“噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声”解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音,它既可作可 数名词,也可作不可数名词。如:Another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一种污 染是噪音。 voice 作“声音”解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声、歌声和笑声。如:He shouted at the top of voice. 他高声呼喊。有时也用于引申意义,作“意见、发 言权”解。如:I have no voice in the matter. 对于这件事,我没有发言权。 17. arrive, get, reach 三者均可表示“到达”,arrive 后通常接介词 at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)?如:We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们晚 了 5 分钟到车站?又如:They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期 一到达巴黎? get 之后通常接介词 to。如:When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们 到达公园时,就开始下雨了。 reach 是及物动词(较 get 更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用 介词)。如:He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。 三.情态动词 1.考查情态动词表示“推测”的用法 [考点快忆] 表示肯定推测的情态动词有:must“一定;准是”,may“也 许;可能”,might“或许”;表示否定推测的情态动词有:can't“不可能”,couldn't “不会”,may not“也许不”,might not“或许不”;can 表示推测时不用于肯 定句,may 表示推测时不用于疑问句。 2.考查情态动词引起的一般疑问句的答语 [考点快忆] 回答 must 时,肯定答语用 must,否定答语用 needn't 或 don't have to。回答 need 时,肯定答语用 must,否定答语用 needn't。回答 may 时, 肯定答语用 may,否定答语用 mustn't 或 can't。 3.考查情态动词的意义 [考点快忆] must“必须”;have to“不得不”;need“必须;需要”;can(could) “能;可能”;may (might) “可以;可能”;shall,will (would)“将;会;愿 意;要”;should“应当”。“had better (not) + 动词原形”表示建议;have to / has to / had to 的否定,疑问形式要借助于助动词 do / does / did。 四. There be 的句子结构 There be 是一个“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思, 肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。 be 动词单复数的确定,看 be 后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不 可数名词时,be 动词形式为 is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be 动词为 are; 当 be 动词后接两个以上主语时,be 动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意 思为“某地有某人或某物”。如: There is an eraser and two pens>There are two pens and an eraser> (1)there be 的否定句,即在 be 的后面加上 not。 否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。 There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There aren't any books> (2)there be 句型的疑问句就是将 be 提到句首:Be there + (any) + 名词+地点状语 肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't. -Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗 -Yes, there is. 有。 -Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗 -No, there aren't. 没有。 (3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语) 某地有多少人或物回答用 There be . . . There's> 有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . . -How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生 -There's> (4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地 点状语 How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水 五. 中考对定语从句的考查: 1.定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做 定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。 引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如: This is the present that he gave me for my birthday 2.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副 词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词 可作状语。 1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和 数须和先行词一致。例如: I don’t like people who talk much but do little. The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语关系代词 whose 在定语从句中作定语用。例如:What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. 三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如: The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 2. whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如: Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate? Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor. 4. which 指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如: A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 5. that 多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如: I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:I’ll never forget the time when we worked>He arrived in Beijing> 7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如: This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 四. 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词 一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如: That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题: 1. 只能使用 that,不用 which 的情况: (1) 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。 例如: All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被 only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如: He is the> (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如: He was the second (person) that told me the secret. (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year. (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如: He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 2. 只能用 which,不用 that 的情况: (1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如: The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如: The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理 解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。 查看更多

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