资料简介
上海市 2021 年高考英语冲刺模拟试卷分类汇编
概要写作专题
2021 届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷 1
Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the
passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that some portion of their
self-esteem comes from the approval of others. This instinct is why the approval of peers, and the fear
of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives.
Despite the most common associations with the term peer, peer pressure is not always negative. A
student whose friends do extremely well in academics may be obliged to study harder and get good
grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This
type of influence may even get a friend off drugs, or help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad
one. Study groups, class projects, and even book clubs are examples of positive peer groups that
encourage people to better themselves.
However, for certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like
an addiction. In order to fit in, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.
Groups of children may join in bullying newcomers in school. Teens and young adults may feel
obliged to use drugs or alcohol, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may
sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in
debt because they are unable to resist the temptation to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an
effort to keep up with the Joneses.
There is no question that some people are more easily affected by peer pressure than others.
Being self-aware is at the root of managing this type of pressure. ‘Going with the flow’ is not always a
bad thing, but as each individual is still responsible for the consequences, it is important to be a
thinking participant in the decision.
【答案】
71. To seek social approval is the source of peer pressure. Positive peer pressure pushes people
to do better academically and athletically because peers either set good examples or create uplifting
environment. However, peer pressure sometimes makes people lose moral principles and turn to
illegal activities like bullying or selling drugs. Raising self-awareness may help fight against negative
peer pressure.
【解析】本文属于一篇结构清晰的说明文。从文章的整体不难看出本文的说明对象：人类与大
自然的相互影响，第一段二段提出了和细化了问题，接下来的每一段阐述了具体形式，将每段
的原因说明清楚并用自己的语言加以提炼，然后用相应的连词组句成篇即可。
2021 届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷 2
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the
passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Heighten Your Appreciation of Music
Music is such a fundamental part of human culture that it likely predates literacy the invention of
the wheel, and even the musical note itself. While people generally know what kind of music they
like-and what they don’t -it's possible to expand your appreciation by learning new ways to listen.
Here are some tips for cultivating sensitive awareness of musical elements.
You might feel frightened picking up a guitar or sitting down at a piano-but learning an
instrument can help you better understand how a song comes together and what role a specific type of
sound plays in the composition. Moreover, the movement and effort of a live performance can often
focus your attention on parts of a song you may have otherwise missed. So the next time you hear a
song - particularly a classical arrangement--try to imagine it being performed. Or, try to picture a
scene (a thunderstorm, a race) that best fits the mood and tempo (节奏) of piece.
It's certainly not necessary to grab your favorite musician’s biography in order to appreciate a
good simple song. but it may help you better understand he context in which she wrote the lyrics or
recorded a track. Researching backgrounds can also lead you to discover social and political
influences at the time the music was created.
It could be hard to appreciate a warm day unless you’ve spent a winter freezing. Likewise,
listening to music requires contrast that helps you better understand how organized and harmonious it
can be. Listen to - don't just hear--common, everyday noises. While some may be irritating, others
may have a melody all their own. Either way, you'll return to a piece of music with a new respect for a
focused, deliberate bit of sound.
71.
【参考答案】There’re ways to improve one’s appreciation of music, an important part of human
culture. First, learning instruments helps one understand musical composition and live performances
make one focus on the details. Secondly, background knowledge of a musician and his time helps one
better understand his work. Finally, exposure to everyday noises can help with music appreciation by
creating contrast. (60 words)
2021 届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷 3
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the
passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Living to 100
Since the mid 1950s, life expectancy around the world has increased dramatically, and many scientists
believe that this trend is likely to continue in the future. The main reason for the increase during this period was
the decline in infant mortality (死亡). Fewer children died at an early age, and this was mainly because of
improved healthcare and betterfoodproduction.
Most experts believe that people will continue to live longer in the future because of medical advances.
Researchers predict that at least half of the North American and Japanese babies born since the year 2000 will
live to an age of 90, and ten percent to 100 years old. Furthermore, new drugs are being developed which will
slow down the ageing process. These will be available in a few years, and they will enable people to live 20
years longer.
If the current older populations in many countries become healthier, wealthier and live longer, the trend will
have important consequences for people and governments. The cost of medical care for older people will rise,
and governments will have to start thinking hard about how to fund state pensions for older citizens. Some
people will want to keep on working later in their life, which could lead to changes in the age of retirement in
many countries. Others would prefer to retire early to enjoy having more time for themselves. This will create
business opportunities for companies in the leisure and entertainment industries and open up new segments of
the market. The effect on the world population will be great. Europe’s population has been in decline for several
years now as people prefer to have fewer children and families tend to be smaller. However, “the population will
not decline as anti-ageing drugs start to become widely available”, as an expert on population, Professor Shripad
Tuljapurkar, says in his recently-released book.
71：
As health care and food production improved, more children could survive, lengthening people’s life
expectancy. This trend is believed to continue thanks to development in medicine and anti-ageing drugs. If so, it
will affect people and governments in many ways, like requiring more pensions for the elderly, postponing the
retirement age, creating business opportunities in entertainment industry and increasing the population. (60
words)
2021 届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷 4
IV. Summary Writing (10 分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the
passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
e-learning: Hazy past—better future?
How much of an effect does technology have on students’ learning? A significant one, it
seems, according to experts. Currently available technologies, the most important of which are
computers and the Internet, apparently provide a learning environment in which problem-solving
and intellectual enquiry can flourish. The process of learning in the classroom may become
significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer. Or so the
theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, I’m afraid.
Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. There are, of
course, obstacles like costs to overcome, but it’s just a matter of time and effort. This is because
schools have done what every organisation does when it sees an innovation—it applies the
innovation to its existing model, which adds cost but doesn’t transform the standard classroom.
We have, during that period, spent over $60 billion on them, but in my view they seem to have
had little or no effect on learning in schools. Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant.
If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting, it does not matter what, if any, equipment is
used.
However, change is on the horizon. I think student-centred learning will become the norm
and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent learning.
Students who currently don’t have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online. They
can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programmes are being written for
learners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient. This would prove especially
beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or extremely expensive.
Therefore, in a few years’ time we could have a completely different conversation about
technology and its impact on learning.
71. [参考答案]
Although experts say modern technology has a significant effect on classroom learning, the
writer holds a different view. Schools have invested much to apply computers in their classroom
teaching, but it hasn’t changed the classroom teaching because what teachers teach is more
important. But computers make it possible for those with no access to school to study on their own.
（60 words）
2021 届上海高考英语冲刺模拟试卷 5
IV. Summary Writing (10 分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the
passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century
there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a woman's life spent in caring for the
children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her
middle twenties and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till
they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her
early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and
health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children.
Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five years and is likely to take
paid work until retirement at sixty.Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by
household appliances and convenience foods.
This important change in woman’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on
women’s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and
most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and
never returned to it. Today the school leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age,
and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly
before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-or-part-time work. Such
changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the
duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in
providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.
71. 参考答案：
Women's lives have changed greatly, because they marry younger, have fewer children to care for, and
have modern technology to help them, which makes it possible for them to get back to work. This
results in women's rise in family economic position to share equally the duties of supporting family
and chores with their husbands.
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