天天资源网 / 高中英语 / 一轮复习 / 高考英语一轮复习 语法 定语从句
资料简介
Attributive Clause
2020
1. I find it necessary that you should give him.
2.That China has achieved a lot is known to known.
3.What we can see is that China has achieved a lot.
4.This is where we found the book.
5.The book that was read by you belongs to me.
定义: 在复合句中,修饰名
词或代词的从句.
定语从句的两大分类
限制性定
语从句
非限制性
定语从句
• The extra information
can be left out .
• We use commas with
these clauses .
the Non-
restrictive
Attributive
Clause
• The extra information
is necessary.
• We don’t use commas
with these clauses.
the
Restrictive
Attributive
Clause
Jack, who is a poor painter, won a ship
ticket by playing cards .
The house, which I bought yesterday,
was very beautiful.
注意：
which,who,whom,whose,
as,when,where,why都可以
引导非限制性定语从句，只
有that不能。
The man who lives next to us sells
flowers.
You must do everything that I do.
关系词或连接词
关系词的三个作用：
1.引导定语从句
2.代替先行词
3.在定语从句中担当句子成分
关系词或连接词:
关系代词和关系副词
关系代词:
that which who whom
whose as
关系副关词 :
where when why
要看关系词在从句中作何成分.如作
成分（主语或宾语…）可以使用
who whom which that …
若作状语 ,则选
when, where, why.
定语从句 关系词的选择
关系代词
关系副词
关系代词 指代先行词 句子成分
which sth s/o
that sth/sb s/o/p
who sb s/o
whom sb o
whose sth’s/sb’s attributive
as sth/sb s/o
关系副词
词
指代 句子成分
when time Adverbial
where place Adverbial
why reason Adverbial
副词
代词
“why”---- 作状语、起连接作用
“where”-- 作状语、起连接作用
“when”-- 作状语、起连接作用
“who”- --作主语、 人
“whom”---作宾语、 人
“whose”---作定语、起连接作用
“which”---作主语、宾语 物
“that”---作主语、宾语 人、物
“as”---作主语、宾语、表语 人、物
1, who/that/whom的用法
Who/that:指人,在从句中作主语和宾
语
Whom:指人,在从句中作宾语
The man (who/whom/that) I
talked with is our teacher.
The man is our teacher.
I talked with the man.
•A person is called a thief.
•A person steals things.
•A person__________ steals things
is called a thief.
Who/that
The man ( ____________ ) I
nodded to ^is Mr Li.
Do you know the girl_______
is dancing with my brother?
Who/whom/that
Who/that
1-1 That 的用法:
在从句中做主语或(宾语),既可
以指人又可以指物
A plane is a machine.
It can fly.
A plane is a
machine that can fly.
The cakes (that )I
cooked are nice.
The boys _who/that _ are playing
football are from Class One.
He who makes no mistakes makes
nothing.
God helps those who help
themselves.
1-2只用WHO的情况
One ____ has nothing to fear dares to tell the
truth.
The ones ____ laugh at the disabled are not
good students.
Anyone ____ fails to finish the task should be
punished.
Those ____ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up
here.
who
who
who
who
先行词是one, ones,
anyone, those指人时只能
用who.
2、Which的用法
在从句中做主语或(宾语),
指物.
The fish( which) we bought
this morning were not fresh.
that
指物
Which、
that
？
that指物时一般可以与which互换，
但在下列情况中一般只能用that不可以用
which。
that, which 用法比较
a. All that can be done has been
done.
b. I am sure she has something
(that) you can borrow.
c. There was little (that) I could do
for you.
①当先行词为all, much, little, few,
none, something, anything,
everything, nothing等不定代词时，
I’ve read all the books (that)
you gave me.
② 先行词被all, every, no, some,
any, little, much修饰时
a. This is the first composition (that)
he has written in English.
b. It’s the best novel (that) I have ever
read.
③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级
修饰时
a. That white flower is the only one
(that) I really like.
b. This is the very book (that) I want
to find.
④先行词被the only, the very,
the last修饰时
He talked about the teachers
and schools that he had visited.
⑤ 当有两个先行词，一个指
人, 一个指物时。
a. Who is the person that is standing at
the gate?
b. Which of them that knows something
about physics has done this experiment?
⑥ 当主句是who, which引出的疑问句时，
定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which
引导。
Mary is no longer the girl that
she used to be.
China is no longer the country
that it used to be.
⑦ 当先行词在主句中作表语且关系
代词在从句中也作表语时：
只能用which, 不能用that 的情况：
1）从句中，介词提前时，用which
This is the house in which Lu Xun
used to live.
2) 非限制性定语从句，用which
He had failed in the math exam,
which made his father very angry.
3）先行词本身是that时用which
I have that which you gave me.
Whose:在从句中做定语既可
以指人又可以指物
Whose =of whom指人
Whose =of which 指物
He has a friend whose father is a
doctor.
3，whose 的用法
This is the book.
The cover of the book is blue.
This is the book whose cover
is blue.
This is the book of which the
cover is blue.
This is the book the cover of
which is blue.
This is the book whose cover
is blue.
Do you know the boy whose
father is a boss?
Do you know the boy of whom the
father is a boss?
Do you know the boy the father of
whom is a boss?
He is the student------- pen I
broke yesterday.
This is the house------ windows
face South.
whose
whose
He is the student----------------
--------------I broke yesterday.
He is the student----------------
--------------I broke yesterday.
of whom the pen
the pen of whom
This is the house-----------------
----------face south.
This is the house-----------------
-------------face south.
of which the window
the window of which
4,as的用法：
We do the same work as they (do).
He is not the same man as he was
before.
They had such a fierce dog as I had
never seen.
1.当先行词被the same或such修饰时，用as引
导定语从句。
As is known to all, Taiwan belongs to
China.
2. 在非限制性定语从句中，as 指代整个主
句，位置比较灵活，通常用于句首，用逗号
与主句隔开，通常译为，“正如……”
___is known to us all, the old
scientist still works hard in his
eighties.
A. As B. Which C. what D.Who
He can swim so well,___ made us
surprised.
A. that B. which C. it D. this
which/as都可指代整句，但区别：
which不位于句首，as可在句首且有正如之意
“介词+关系代词”
引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，
从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
介词前置,指人 whom 指物 which
The man to whom I spoke on the phone
last night is very good at wrestling.
The man who I spoke to on the phone last
night is very good at wrestling.
In the end, we reached the top
of the mountain,-------appeared a
rare rainbow soon.
A.of which
B.on which
C.from which.
D.above which
D
I have many friends,-------some
are businessmen.
A. of them
B. from which
C. who of
D. of whom
D
如何选介词
1. 根据定语从句中的动词与介
词搭配来选
1. Do you like the book
_____ she spent $10? .
Do you like the book _____
she paid $10?
On which
For which
2.根据先行词来选择
He built a telescope _____ he
could study the skies
There is a tall tree outside，
_____ stands our teacher
The tower _____ people can
have a good view is on the hill
Through which
under which
From which
3.根据句子意思或语境来选择
This is our classroom,--------
-------------there is a teacher’s
desk.
The wolf-----which the sheep
was killed was shot.
In front of which
by
.
to whom
Of whom
Of whom
Of which
The man _____ I spoke on the phone last
night is very good at wrestling.
The workers， some _____ stayed for four
years， came from different countries.
The committee consists of 20 members，
5 _____ are women
The book contains 50 poems， most _____
were written in the 1930s
Here is the man who/whom you are
looking for.
Here is the man for whom you are
looking.
注意：１． 含有介词的短语动词一
般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的
后面。如：look for, look after, take
care of 等。
２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系
代词指人时只可用whom，不可用
who, that；关系代词指物时只可用
which，不可用that。关系代词是所
有格时用whose。
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词:when在句中做时间状语.
I’ll never forget the time when we
worked on the farm.
1、关系副词的用法--
when
I’ll never forget the day-------- I
went to college.
I’ll never forget the day-----------
he told me.
that/which
when
Where:在句中做地点状语
This is the place where
we first met.
2、关系副词的用法--
where
The house----------- he lives
in needs repairing.
The house------------- he
lives needs repairing.
where
which/that
注意：如果定语从句分别修饰 point，
situation，stage，condition 和case
等表示抽象意义的词，常用where来引导。
表示：“到了某种地步或在某种情况中”
I’ve come to the point where I cannot
stand him.
Why:在从句中做原因状语
The reason why he was late
was that he missed his train.
3、关系副词的用法-- why
This is the reason------- he
was absent.
The reason-------- he can’t
come is that he is ill.
why
why
The reason __________he
told me is not true.
The reason -------------- he
explained to me is true.
That/which/x
That/which/x
介词 ＋关系代词 的结构和关系
代词与关系副词的转化
When=in/on/at/during＋
which
Where=in/at which
Why=for which
There used to be a time when
the Chinese people struggled for
freedom.
There used to be a time ---------------
------- the Chinese people
struggled for freedom.
This is the office where I used to
work.
This is the office------------I
used to work.
at which /during which
in which
I’d like you to explain the
reason why you were
absent.
I’d like you to explain the
reason ------------- you were
absent. for which
定语从句中的特殊情况：
1，当先行词是the way(方式、方法），且
从句中缺状语时，关系词用that/ in
which/省略
This is the way (that/in which/x
) he deal with the matter.
That’s the way (that) she
spoke.
2.当先行词是表示时间或地点
的副词或短语，从句中缺状语，
可能用
prep + when/where，
这类介词有：from, during, until, to等。
He stood behind the curtain from
where he could see the traffic.
3, 当先行词受the same 修饰时，
偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但
与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
She wore the same dress that
she wore at Mary’s wedding.
She wore the same dress as
her younger sister wore.
(同一个)
(同一类)
4. It is (high) time that结构中，that
引导的定语从句中要用一般过去时态，
(be用were)或者使用should do，
should不可以省略。
表示“现在某人该做某事了”.
例如：
It is(high) time that you should go to
bed.
It is(high) time that you went to bed.
5, 多重定语从句
两个或两个以上的定语从句同时修饰一
个先行词。 例如:
Tibet is a place where the Tibetan
people have been living for
generations and which / that all the
people across the world are
dreaming of visiting.
西藏是西藏人民世代生活的地方,也是全
世界的人都渴望去观光游览的地方。
He said he would never forget the
moment when he first met Gorky and
which he regarded as the happiest in
all his life.
他说他永远忘不了第一次与高尔基相见
的那一刻,那一刻被他视作人生中最幸福
的一刻。
注意: 多重定语从句的特点之一是:即使在
从句中作宾语或状语,第二个以及之后的所
有关系词都不能省略,以免引起句意的模糊
不清。
China is an attractive country which
has the largest population, where there
are lots of mysterious stories and
legends and that many westerners are
still not familiar with.
中国是一个充满魅力的国家,她拥有世界上
最多的人口,有许多神秘的故事和传说,但也
是很多西方人还不熟悉的国度。
非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别
He has two sisters, and
neither of them is a college
student.
He has two sisters, neither of
them is a college student.
He has two sisters, neither of
whom is a college student.
查看更多
Copyright 2004-2019 ttzyw.com All Rights Reserved 闽ICP备18023965号-4
天天资源网声明：本站点发布的文章作品均来自用户投稿或网络整理，部分作品未联系到知识产权人或未发现有相关的知识产权登记