资料简介
网课作业（一）每日一练/语法填空
A hutong is an ancient city street typical in Beijing. 1. (surround) the Forbidden City, many were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing 2. (dynasty)．In order to establish the strongest power, emperors planned the city and arranged the residential areas.3. center of the city of Beijing was the royal palace — the Forbidden City.
At the end of the Qing dynasty, after 4. (close) China came under the influence from abroad, many old hutongs lost 5. (they) former neat arrangement.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, hutong conditions 6. (improve). But in recent years, the houses in many hutongs have been pulled 7. and replaced by modern buildings. And the hutong today is fading into the shade for 8. tourists and local people.
However, in the urban district of Beijing houses along hutongs still occupy one 9. (three) of the total area, providing housing for half population, so many hutongs 10. (survive). In this respect, we see the old in the new in Beijing as an ancient yet modern city.
答案与解析
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。
1．Surrounding 考查非谓语动词。胡同环绕着紫禁城，它们中的许多建造于元、明、清时期。分析该句结构可知，many前面的部分为状语；主语many代指“胡同”，和动词surround之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词。
2．dynasties 考查名词复数。根据该句中的“Yuan, Ming and Qing”可知，该处指三个朝代，且dynasty为可数名词，故用复数形式。
3．The 考查冠词。北京城的中心是皇宫——紫禁城。根据该句中的“of the city Beijing”可知，该处特指“北京城的中心”，故用定冠词The。
4．closed 考查形容词。根据句子结构和空后的名词“China”可知，空处修饰该名词，表示“闭关自守的”，故用形容词。
5．their 考查代词。根据空后的名词短语“former neat arrangement”可知，空处修饰该名词短语，故用形容词性物主代词。
6．were improved 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。1949年中华人民共和国成立以后，胡同的状况得到了改善。该句主语为“hutong conditions”，和动词improve之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；因为主语“hutong conditions”为复数，故谓语应用复数；根据该句中的时间状语可知，该句介绍过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
7．down 考查介词。但是近年来，许多胡同中的房子被拆毁，取而代之的是现代化的建筑。pull down为固定搭配，意为“拆毁”。
8．both 考查连词。both ...and ...为固定搭配，意为“两者都……”。
9．third 考查序数词。该处指“在北京市区的胡同中的房子占整个地区的三分之一”，分数的分母用序数词，故用third。
10．have survived 考查动词时态。根据该句中的“still occupy”可知，该空表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响，故用现在完成时。
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