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Unit15 The necklace一、课文背景知识新时代，人们不仅要求吃好，而且还要不停地表现自己等。在追求的同时，千万不要忘了项链的故事。本剧通过三幕情景向我们讲述了这个故事。第一幕 1870 年，在巴黎的一个公园里，jeanne 正坐在公园里，Mathilde 向她走去。可是相互之间不认识。第二幕：10 年前，在 Mathilde 和 pierre Loisel 的家里。一队夫妇被邀请参加舞会，心情特别激动，为了一时的快乐他们借项链等，可谁知项链丢失了。之后苦苦的10年可谓悲惨！第三幕：在公园，Mathilde 继续给 jeanne 讲叙着自己的故事，在随后的十年里，终于把帐还清了。可是，借的项链不是真正的钻石项链，它根本就不值钱。项链里的石头是用玻璃做成的。最多值 500 法郎。二、疑难详解1. I'm sorry, but I don't think I know you. 对不起， 我想我不认识你。[问]怎样翻译“I don't think I know you.?"[答]翻译为：“我想我不认识你。”注意：当think做主句中谓语动词时，宾语从句中的否定应该对主句进行否定。2. No, Jeanne, I wasn't ill. I know I look oler than my age now. That's because of hard work -ten years of hard work. 不，珍妮，我没有病，我知道我看起来比我的实际年龄要苍老多了。那都是因为艰苦劳动造成的——十年的艰苦劳动啊！[问]beause of 与beause有什么区别？[答]beause of是介词短语，后面接名词，代词或动名词。beause是连词，连接从句，表原因。例如：Beause he didn't work hard, he failed in his final examination. 由于他学习不刻苦努力，所以在期末考试中他失败了。3. I'm sorry, Mathide. Have times been hard for you?对不起，玛蒂尔达。你的日子过得很苦吗？[问]times在这里的用法是什么？[答]times在这里表示“境况，形势”除此之外，还有“倍数”“乘以……”“时代”等意思。4. Well, I would rather not。唉，就是因为那个项链，你那漂亮的钻石项链！[问]I would rather not后面省略了什么？[答]I would rather not完整句子应该是“I would rather not tell you"。注意：would rather, had better 后面应接动词原形。5. Well, ... Well, it was all because of that necklace, your beautiful diamound necklace.唉，就是因为那个项链，你那漂亮的钻石项链！[问]it在这里指代什么？[答]it在这里指前面提到的内容（为什么落到这步境地）6. Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours?Pierre, my husband, was working in a government office. We'd been invited to a ball at the place so I needed to borrow some jewellery.你还记得吗？10年前的一个下午，我来到你的房间并且找你借了根项链。我的丈夫，皮埃尔，当时在一家政府办公室改组哦。我们被邀请参加一个宫廷舞会，所以，我就需要借些珠宝。 when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours? 是时间状语从句吗？[答]不是，在这里是由when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词one afternoon ten years ago.7. I was the only person in my office who was invited. I've written to accept the invitation.我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的成员。 我已经书面表示接受邀请。[问] who was invited做定语，是定语从句，修饰先行词the only person。accept不能由receive替换，accept是主观乐意接受；而receive是客观上收到。8. And a new dress costs over four hundred francs. 买一件新的要花400多法郎。[问]cost与spend做“花费”意思讲在用法上有什么区别？[答]cost是某物花费多少钱，主语是某物；spend是某人花费多少钱在某物上面，主语是某人。9. I can't be the only woman who isn't wearing jewellery. 我不能成为唯一一个不戴珠宝的女性。[问]是可数还是不可数名词？[答]jewellery 做“珠宝”意思讲时是不可数名词。jewel是可数名词。有复数形式jewels。10. Do you have a friend who might lend you some? 你的朋友能借给你吗/[问] who might lend you some是什么从句？[答]who might lend you some是定语从句，修饰先行词a friend。11. So I called on you and asked if I could borrow some jewellery. Do you remember now?这样，我就来拜访你，并且问了是否我可以借一些珠宝。你还记得吗？[问]call on 的用法？[答]call on 有“拜访；号召”的意思。另外注意：call at 是“拜访某地”；call for 是“要求”的意思。12. There were so many beautiful things that it was hard to choose. 琳良满目的，真难挑选。[问]so...that...引导的从句做什么成分？[答]so...that在这里引导一个状语从句，表示结果。[问]to choose为什么不用被动？[答]to choose 在这里用主动表示被动。13. On our way home that night I lookedd down and saw that the necklace was not around my neck any more. 那天夜晚，在回家的路上，我低下头，发现项链再也不在我的脖子上了。[问]On our way home 的意思是什么？[答]On our way home 意思是“在回家的路上”on one's way to... 在……的路上”in the way 挡道。By the way “顺便说一下”。14. That's why I now look so old. Well, after all these years we've at last paid off all our debts. 这就是我现在显得老的原因。这些年之后，我们终于把帐还清了。[问]that's why...? 句型是什么从句？ pay off 的意思？[答]that's why ... 是表语从句。“那就是为什么……？”例如：That's why I told you the truth.那就是我为什么告诉你那个真相。pay off “偿还清”。15. When I play a computer game, I act as one of the heroes in the game. 当我玩电脑游戏的时候，我常扮演里面的英雄。[问]When I paly... 句型是什么从句？act as 的意思？[答]此句是一个时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，例如：When I was a child, I loved to smile very much. 当我是个小孩子时，我非常喜欢笑。act as意为“充当”16. The student is on her way to school and she meets a girl that looks exactly like her. 一个女同学在上学的路上，碰到了和她长得一模一样的女孩。[问]“on one's way to... "是什么意思？that在此引导什么从句？[答]“On one's way to ..."是“在去……路上”的意思。that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词“a girl”。三、本单元高考热点归纳与拓展[概述]本单元反复出现了非谓语动词和从句，二者都是高考的重点。[经典解析]例：1._____late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年京、皖春季招生考试第21题) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept简析：答案为A。句意：为了早晨多睡一会，晚起床，鲍勃关掉了响铃。动词不定式表目的，其他的B，C，D，都不能表目的。例：2. The men will have to wait all day_____the doctor works faster. (2001年京、皖春季招生考试第9题) A. if B. unless C. whether D. that简析:答案为B。 unless=if...not。例：3.—Did you remerber to give Mary the money you owed her? (2001年京、皖春季招生考试第14题) —Yes.I gave it to her_____I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once简析:答案为B。易误选为D项，once一旦，但注意本句话的时态为过去时，陈述过去发生的事情，意思为：我一见到她就给了她。如果用 once，需把上句中的 did 改为 do 把下句中的gave，改为 will give，saw 改为 see。 例：4.Greenland,_____island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers. (2000年上海高考第35题) A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest D. the largest简析：答案为D。A，B项把it 和 that 改为 which 就对了，D项构成的 the largest island in the world 作主语的同位语。四、本单元生词详解1. footprint [5fJtprInt]n. 脚印，足迹例：They discovered suspicious footprints in the snow. 他们在雪地上发现了可疑的足迹。[记忆技巧]构词法联想记忆：fingerprint；footprint;shoeprint2. fingerprint [5fIN^EprInt]n. 指纹//vt. 采……的指纹例：They were photographed and had their fingerprints taken. 他们将被摄下来， 然后取走他们的指纹。[常用词组]take a person's fingerprints采某人的指纹3. tire[5taiE]vt. 使疲倦；使失去（兴趣、耐心、力气）//v.想停止做某事；厌烦例：The old man tires very soon if the exerts himself. 这位老人一用力气就感到很累。She never tires of talking about her children. 她总是不厌其烦地谈她的孩子。4. mysterious [mis5tiEriEs]adj. 神秘的；奇怪的；难以理解的例： There were mysterious lights at night in the empty house. 晚上那座空房子有神秘的亮光。5. scary [5skZEri]adj. （事物）可怕的，恐怖的，吓人的；容易受惊的，胆怯的；提心吊胆的例：Don't be so scary. 不要那样的提心吊胆[常用词组]a scary movie 恐怖电影6. dormitory [5dC:mitri]n. 集体寝室；宿舍例：Boys who live at school sleep in a cormitory. 住校的男生在宿舍里睡觉。7. recognize [5rekE^naiz]vt. 认出，辨认；认识；清楚知道；认定；承认例：I recognized his voice. 我认出了他的声音。I recognized him to be cleverer than I am. 我认识他比我聪明。I recognize that I have been wrong. 我承认我错了。8. diamond [5daiEmEnd]n. 钻石，金刚石；（扑克牌）方块；方片例：The ring has a diamond in it. 戒指上镶着一块钻石。I've only one diamond left in my hand. 我手里仅剩一个方片了。9. ball [bC:l]n. 球，如足球，网球；球状物；舞会；传球方式例：Ball games, for example, have spread around the world. 例如，球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。The earth is a ball. 地球是一个球体。For the first time in our lives we were invited to an important ball. 那是我们一生中第一次应邀参加一个重要舞会。10. Franc[frANk]n. 法郎（法国、比利时、瑞士等国的货币单位）例：She had about four hundred frances. 她大约有四百法郎。11. continue [kEn5tinju:]vt. 继续；重新开始//vi. 连续；前进；延伸例：They decided to continue their strike. 他们决定继续罢工。Mathilde continued to tell Jeanne her story. 玛蒂尔德继续向吉茵讲她的那段经历。The earthquake continued for about ten minutes. 地震持续约十分钟。She continued along the path until she came to the river. 她沿着小路一直走到小河边。[常用词组]continued from (on)page 15上接（下转）第十五页/to be continued （未玩）待续/to continue down 延续到/ continue on one's (=way)继续走自己的道路12. lovely [5lQvli]adj. 秀丽的，可爱的；欢乐的，使人愉快的例：The lovely girl is planning to be a nurse. 那个漂亮的小女孩打算当护士。They had a lovely time there. 他们在那儿过得很快活。13. bring back (1)把...带回来（2）使回想起例：I have brought back the book you lent me. 我把你借给我的书还回来了。This story brought back my unhappy childhood. 这个故事使我想起我悲惨的童年。14. pay off (1) 全部偿清（2）给薪解雇例：You'll have to pay off yor old loan before being allowed a new one. 你必须还清旧债，才能重新贷款。After all these years, we've at last paid off all our debts. 经过这么多年，我们总算把债还清了。The crew have been paid off. 船员被发薪遣散。15. debt[det]n. 债，债务，欠款例：I must pay him a debt of ￥5. 我得还他五块钱的债。Dabts of blood must be paid in blood. 血债要用血来还。The debts that he owed her could never be paid. 他欠她的人情总也还不清。She must be getting into debt. 她一定负债了。[常用词组]a large debt 巨额债款/a national debt 国债/out of debt 不欠债/under a heavy debt 债台高筑/ clear a debt还清欠债/owe a debt 欠债get (run) into debt 开始负债/to get out of debt 不欠债16. precious [5preFEs]adj. 宝贵的，贵的；亲爱的例：Time is so precious that you must make full use of it.时间很宝贵，你必须充分利用它。His children are very precious to him.他的孩子对他来说可是宝贝了。17. positive [5pCzEtiv]adj. 明确的，确实的，无疑的，难以否定的；（陈述等）明白的，直截的；（无比较级、最高级）（口语）完全的，十足的；（人）确信的，有把握的；（人）确信（……）的，对（……）有把握的（of，about）；（人）确信（……事）；（人、态度等）过分自信的，独断的；实用的，有用的，实在的，真实的，实际上。例：Are you positive about (of)it?你对那件事有把握吗？I'm positive that this man stole the car. 我确信这个男人偷了那部车。One must be positive, but not too positive. 一个人必须有自信，但不可过分自信。“Are you sure?" "I'm (absolutely )positive." "你有把握吗？”“我（绝对）有把握。”[常用词组]a positive fact (change)无可怀疑的事实（变化）/a positive promise 明确的约定/positive proof =proof positive 确证/a positive refusal 断然拒绝/make a positive atatement of one's position 明言自己的立场/a positive fool 十足的傻瓜，大傻瓜/a positive nuisance十分讨厌9麻烦）的人/a positive good 真实的善18. rehearse[ri5hE:s]vt. 预演，排演（戏剧等）剧；使（人）排演，以排演使（人）熟悉（熟练）；详述，复述；排演，预演例：We rehearsed our National Day programme all afternoon. 我们整个下午都在排演国庆节的节目。[常用词组]rehearse an opera 预演歌剧。19. besides[bi5saidz]adv. 而且；还有；除……之外；此外；其他//prep. 除……之外（还有...）；除外；除…之外例：She is too tired to go, besides, it's snowing. 她太疲倦了，不能去，况且还在下雪。I have many more besides. 除此之外，我还有更多。There's no one here besides John and me. 除了严寒和我以外，这里没有其他的人。20. outline [5Eutlain]n. 轮廓；外形；大纲；提纲；略图；图稿例：We could see the outline of the castle through the fog. 雾中我们能看见城堡的轮廓。I have prepared my speech in outline. 我已准备了我的发言提纲。This is the outline of a house. 这是一间房子的略图。21. plot[plCt]n. 秘密计划；阴谋；小块地例：They formed a plot to overthrow the goverment. 他们阴谋推翻政府。22. quality[5kwCliti]n. 质量；质例：I want meat of the best quality. 我要质量好的肉。A watch of good quality is more expensive than a watch of poor quality.质量好的手表比质量次的手表要贵。Quality matters more than quantity. 质量比数量重要。三、易混易错词语辨析1、辨析strike，beat 和 hit：strike 指急速的或突然有力的“打击”，可以是有意的或无意的，例如：He struck the child in the face。他打那个孩子的脸。hit可以与 strike 换用，但没 strike 正规。同时，hit 强调“打中”或“对准……来打”，如：I shot at the target but failed to hit it. 我向把子射击, 但未打中。beat 则指连续地“打”，如：The bird is beating its wings. 鸟在拍打翅膀。beat 还可以指“打败对方”。2、辨析long before 和 before long：before long 意为“不久，一会儿之后”，在句中作状语。long before 意为“早在……之前”，“较早以前”，可以单独使用，也可以后面跟从句、名词或代词。如：It looks as if it will snow before long. 看起来，天好象马上就要下雪了。We knew of you long before. 我们早就知道你。I knew smith before I knew you. 认识你之前，我早就认识史密斯了。3、辨析 manage 和 try：两个词后接不定式都有“设法做”的意思，但manage to do sth. 表示“设法做成”，而 try to do sth. 表“试着去做”，做没做成不一定。如：He managed to pass the exam. (=He passed the exam. ) 他设法通过了考试。He tried to pass the exam but failed. 他尽力想通过考试但失败了。He tried to pass the exam and he did it. 他尽力通过考试，并且他做到了。
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