资料简介
Unit9 When was it invented?学案
一、学习目标：
掌握一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态的用法。
二、语法介绍：
英语中动词的语态分成两种：主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。
㈠含义：动词的被动语态一般译成“被…”，但是根据汉语表达习惯，有时“被”也可以不译出。
㈡构成：被动语态一般的构成形式为:be+动词过去分词（+by+动作的发出者）。其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般现在时:am/is/are+done(过去分词)
一般过去时：was/were+done(过去分词)
含有情态动词的：情态动词+be+done(过去分词)
㈢方法：
1、将主动语态句中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中介词by的宾语。
2、将主动语态句中谓语动词变成:助动词be+该动词的过去分词，但时态不改变。
3、助动词be要与新的主语保持单、复数一致；若主语和宾语是人称代词时，“格”应作相应的变化。
口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done时不变，数格必须随着变。
The workers make machines in this factory.
Machines are made by the workers in this factory.
注意：不及物动词没有被动语态。
㈣例句：
1.Many people speak English in China.
English is spoken by many people in China.
2.Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.
3.We must look afer the old man.
The old man must be looked after (by us).
㈤特殊情况：
⑴（含有双宾语的句子变被动语态）
剖析：含双宾语的主动语态的句子变为被动语态时，常把那个指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；也可把那个指物的直接宾语用作主语，但此时必须在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如：
He gave me a book.
→I was given a book by him.
→A book was given to me by him.
口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾。若把直宾变，to,for间宾连。
⑵感官动词和使役动词在主动句中其后的动词不定式不带to，但变被动句时必须加上to。如：
The boss made her work for 16 hours a day.
→She was made to work for 16 hours a day.
口诀：感/使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。
三、对应练习：
㈠选择填空
1. The children ____ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked after
C. were looked after D. looked
2.The lab ____ about five years ago.A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built
3.The glass ______ . It _____ by little Tom this morning.A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was brokenC. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken
4.I ______the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing When water______ , it will be changed into vapour.A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats
5.We can't enter the room because its door______ .A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking 6.They ______day and night.A. are made work B. are made to workC. made to be worked D. are making to work
7.Chang'an Road is ______of people.A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled 8.This English song _____ often _____ by the children.A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung 9.The windows of our house _____once a week.A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned
10.When ______ the People's Republic of China_____ ?A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found
11. Mary's radio ______ by my brother just now.A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended
12. Your exercise books _____ after class.A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in 13.The sun _____ at night as usual.A. can be seen B. can't see C. can't be seen D. doesn't see
14.Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown.A. is…grown B. is…grew C. was…grew D. was…grown
15.He ____ by the teachers.A. is always praised B. praisesC. have been praised D. always is praised
㈡把下列句子变成被动语态
1. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.
2. Do you water your flowers every day?
3. The wind blew down the big tree last night.
4.Nobody knew me in this town at that time.
5.We planted many trees in our school last week.
6.Do people grow cotton in North China?
7.Who invented the light bulb?
8.Did they find the missing key yesterday?
9.We heard someone sing in the next room.
10.She drew them a picture yesterday.
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