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语法复习十九：冠 词 （一）考纲要求 考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。 （二）命题导向 冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。 （三）基本用法 当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。 1、定冠词的基本用法：
① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful. ② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please. ③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。 ④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right. ⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest. ⑥ 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded. ⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation. ⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake. ⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths ⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin. ⑾ 发明物。如：The compass was invented in China. ⑿ 年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. ⒀ 固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time 2、不定冠词的基本用法： ① 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table. ② 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea. ③ 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. ④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。） ⑤ 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。） ⑥ 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. ⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"） ⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word 3、不用冠词的情况： ① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。） ② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English. ③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct. ④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most. ⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother? ⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch? ⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. ⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball. ⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。
练习（一）、冠 词 1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）. A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a 2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door. A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a 3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen. A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a 4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived. A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The 5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American. A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a 6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a 7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every 8. He was absent because he had caught ____. A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold 9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a 10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire. A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a 11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try. A. a B. the C. another D. other 12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English. A. first B. a first C. second D. the second 13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a 14. Tom left Shanghai in ____. A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995 15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the 16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a 17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian. A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s 18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller 19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____. A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano 20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book. A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead 21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder. A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the 22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety. A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, / 23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients. A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the 24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. / 25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth? A. man B. the man C. a man D. men 26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./ 27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That 28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China. A. the, / B. /, the C. a, / D. /, a 29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a 30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories. A. National Day B. the National Day C. our National Day D. a National Day
练习（二）、冠 词 1. ---You mean you know the man? ---I know________ man exactly like him. A. other B. the C. / D. a2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another? A. a, / B. the, / C. a, the D. the, the3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake. ---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us. A. a, a B. the, a C. /, / D. /, a4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain. A. a,/, the B. a,/, / C. the, the, the D. the, an, an5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million. A. the, the B. the, / C. the, a D. /, a6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001. A. /, / B. his, his C. the, the D. an, his7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society. A. the, / B. /, / C. /, a D. the, the8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower. A. a, the B. a, / C. the, a D. the, the9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present? A. the, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, the D. the, the, a10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time. A. the, a B. /, / C. a, a D. /, a11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall. A. the, a B. a, a C. the, / D. the, /12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology? ---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book? A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society. A. /, / B. the, the C. a, / D./, the14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by? ---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look. A. a, the, the B. a,/,the C. /,/,the D. /,/,a16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom. A. an, a B. /, the C. the, a D. the, /17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house? ---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep. A. a, a B. the, a C. a, / D. the, / 18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation. A. the, the B. a, a C. a, / D. the, /19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people. A. the, a B. /, the C. /, / D. the, /20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning. A. /, a B. the, / C. /, the D. the, the21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind. A. the dress B. a dress C. dress D. the dresses22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition? ---Oh, it was ____ success. A. How, really a B. What, great C. How, / D. What, quite a23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment. A. /,/,the B. a,/,/ C. a, the,/ D. /,the, the24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world. A. /, the, a B. a, /, the C. a, a, the D. a, the, the25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch. A. /, / B. /, a C. the, / D. /, the26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning. ---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to? A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business. A. a, a B. /, / C. a, the D. a, /28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one. A. a, the B. a, / C. the, an D. the, the29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road. A. /, / B. a, a C. the, / D. the, the30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means? ---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question. A. the, the, / B. the, the, a C. /, the, a D. /, the, / 31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991) A./; B. a C. the D. one32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour. A./;/ B. the ; the C. the; / D./;the （ MET1991 11）33. ---Where's jack ? ---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom. A./; / B. the; the C. the; / D./; the （ MET1992 36）34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places. A. the ; the B./; / C. the; / D./; the （MET 1993 19）35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. A. the; the B. the ; / C. a; / D. a ; the （NMET1994 20）36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another? A. a; / B. the; / C. a; the D. the; the （NMET1994 23）37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today. A. a; / B. the; an C. the; the D./;the （NMET 1996 13）38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century. A. the ; / B. the; the C./; the D./; /（NMET 1999 8）39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education . A.90s; their B. the 90s; / C.90s; / D. the 90s; their（1999.上海 6）40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the; a B./; a C. the ; the D./; the (NMET2000 10) 41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning. ---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7) A. a; the B. the; the C. the ; a D. a; a 42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny. A./; a B. the; / C./; / D. the ; the (2000.春招 8)43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.(2002春招 26) A. a; the B. the ;不填 C. the; the D. was killing44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26) A./;the B./;an C. an; an D. the; the 45. ---I don't like_____New York at all. ---But this isn't_____ New York you remember. A. the, the B. /, the C. the, / D. /, a
冠 词
练习一、1~5 DBBAC 6~10 BACDC 11~15 ABBDB 16~20 CDDDB 21~25 DBBDA
26~30 DCBBA
练习二、1~5 DABAC 6~10 AAADD 11~15 ACACB 16~20 CCDAA 21~25 BDCBB
26~30 ADCDD 31~35 CDDCC 36~40 AACDB 41~45 DDBCB
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