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Unit 4   Don't eat in class. 语法精讲 基础自测 阅读提升 第 2 课时  Section A (Grammar Focus—3c) 一、祈使句 1 .含义:祈使句是用来表示请求、命令或建议等的一种句型。其主语一般为第二人称 you ,但通常省略。祈使句的句末一般用句号,表示较强语气时用感叹号。为了使祈使句显得更委婉、有礼貌,可在开头或结尾加上 please 。 2 .祈使句的五种类型 Do型祈使句 实义动词原形+其他 Listen to me,please. 请听我说。 Be型祈使句 be 动词+其他 Be quiet,please. 请安静。 Let型祈使句 Let+sb.+动词原形+其他 Let's play football. 让我们踢足球吧。 Please型 祈使句 Please+动词原形+其他 Please stand up. 请起立。 Please don't stand up. 请不要起立。 No型祈使句 No+ v .-ing/名词!(表示禁止) No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No photos! 禁止拍照! 3 .祈使句的否定形式 通常是在谓语动词前加don't。但要注意以let开头的祈使句,其否定形式是 “Don't+let+宾语+动词原形+其他.”或“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他”。 4.对祈使句的基本回答: ( 1 )A:Tom, take the box to Mr.Wu's office. B:肯定回答——Yes, I will. 否定回答——Sorry, I can't carry it. ( 2 )A:Don't listen to music in class. B:No, I won't.(用于自己之前没做过,同时也表明自己今后也不会做时)或Sorry, I won't do it in future.(用于自 己犯错,被别人禁止时) ( 3 )A:Let's go out for a walk.(“Let's do sth.”常用于提出建议) B:肯定回答——That's a good idea.或That sounds good.(直接表示赞同) 否定回答——Oh, no.It's too hot.或Oh, no.Let's watch TV at home.(可用“No”作否定回答,并适当解释或提出自己的见解)祈使句一般要对方去做的动作是在将来发生。肯定回答时常用“Yes, I will”;否定回答时常用“No, I won't”等。will为“将要”之意,won't为will和not的缩写形式,为“将不;将不会”之意。 二、情态动词can与have to 1.can能;会 ( 1 )表示做某事的能力,其否定式为can't。如: Can you speak English? 你会讲英语吗? ( 2 ) 表示“允许;许可”。如: You can keep the book for a week. 这本书你可以借一周。 2.have to必须;不得不 其后接动词原形。have to有第三人称单数形式,即has to,变疑问句和否定句时要借用助动词do/does。如: We have to go home after school. 我们放学后必须回家。 Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.__ __________ __(not play) with fire(火). 2.Don't __ ______ (run) in the classroom. 3.Let himnot__ _________ __ (not play) the computer games. 4.Can we __ ______ (eat) here? 5.Do you have to _ __ ___ _(go) to bed before ten at night? Don't play run not play eat go Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。 1.到这儿来。 ______ ________. 2.别在走廊里跑。 _______ _____ in the hallways. 3.快点! _____ _______! 4.不要在这儿吃东西。 _______ ______ here. 5.让我们骑自行车到那儿吧。 ______ _____ the bike to get there. Come Don't Be Don't Let's here run quick eat ride Ⅲ.按要求完成下列句子,每空一词。 1.Lily can play the guitar.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) —________ Lily _ ______ the guitar? —No , she _ _______ . 2.Jack has to play the piano every weekend.(改为一般疑问句) _ _______ __ Jack ______ _ ____ _ play the piano every weekend? 3.Be quick.(改为否定句) _______ _ _____ quick. 4.You can't eat food in class.(改为祈使句) __ _____ _ _____ food in class. 5.You can't be late for class next time.(改为祈使句) __ ____ _ ______ late for class next time. Can Play can't Does have Don't Don't Don't to be eat be Ⅳ.单项选择。 ( ) 1. ________ listen to music in the classroom. A.Not B.No C.Don't D.Doesn't ( ) 2. Tom,please ________ the classroom now. A.clean B.to clean C.cleans D.cleaning ( ) 3. Let's ________ on time for classes. A.be B.be not C.are D.is C A A B ( ) 4. She has to ________ her homework every night. A.does B.do C.doing D.did ( ) 5. Sorry,you ________ play basketball in the classroom. A.can't B.don't C.don't have to D.doesn't A Dear Sam , Here are some __ 1 __ for you when your dad and I are not at home.__ 2 __ , get home early.Don't play __ 3 __ after school.Second , take care of( 照顾 ) your brother and don't __ 4 __ with him.Third, help your grandma do the __ 5 __ after dinner. fight   dirty   dish   rule   before follow   outside   keep   one   practice Ⅴ . 选词填空。 阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思 完整。每词限用一次。 Fourth , remember to __ 6 __ the piano for one hour every evening.Fifth , go to bed __ 7 __ 10 o'clock.The last one, __ 8 __ your room clean and don't leave your __ 9 __ clothes everywhere.Your dad and I will be very happy if you can __ 10 __ the rules. 1 . ______   2 . ______     3 . _________ 4 . ______   5 . _______    6 . _________ 7 . _______   8 . ______    9 . _______ 10._______ rules First outside fight dishes practice before keep dirty follow 查看更多

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