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2017-2018高一英语下学期期末复习专题（必修4重点词汇讲解含解析）
资料简介
2017-2018学年高一下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题
专题四 必修4重点词汇 讲解部分
要点一：observe
(2017·新课标全国卷III改编) Just last year, I was a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman excused the interruption and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and opened it up.
A. observing B. preparing C. designing D. conducting
【参考答案】D
【知识讲解】
1. observe (1)vt. 观察；观测
observe sth. 观察某事物
observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事
observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事
observe that... 观察到……
(2)vt. 遵守 observe the traffic rules遵守交通规则
2. observer n.观察者；观测者；遵守者
observation n. 观测；监测；观察，观察力
under observation 被监视
【易混辨析】observe/look at/see/watch/notice
易混词
用法
observe
＂观察＂，侧重于从不同的角度长时间地看并研究。
look at
＂集中注意力地看＂，强调动作。
see
＂看见，看到＂，强调结果，一般不用进行时态。
watch
＂注视，注意或仔细地看或观察＂，侧重所看事物的变化、移动和发展。
notice
＂看到，注意到，觉察到＂，指(偶然)看到细小的但可能重要的事情，强调结
果。
【特别注意】
observe sb. do sth. 指的是观察某人做某事的全过程，do为不带to的动词不定式，变成被动语态时要把to 补充出来，即sb. be observed to do sth.。相似用法的还有使役动词(如make)、感官动词(如see，hear等)。observe sb. doing sth. 指的是观察到某人正在做某事，变成被动语态为sb. be observed doing sth.。
observe及物动词，作＂留心到；注意到；观察＂解时，其用法与see, hear等相似，可用于以下句型：①跟带有不带to的不定式的复合结构，但在被动结构中，不定式必须带to。②跟带有现在分词的复合结构，表示＂注意到的动作＂正在进行。也可以跟从句。
【巧学妙记】口诀巧记各种＂看＂：
看场电影用see，读书看报用read；
电视、戏剧和比赛，凡是表演用watch；
observe细观察，一时注意notice。
要点二：respect
1. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编)We were ______________(respect) of craft（技艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.
2. (2016•新课标全国卷I改编) They had little _________________ (敬意) for their grandparent.
3. (2016•北京改编) I want to prove that I can teach myself a _____________(respect) profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.
【参考答案】
1. respectful
2. respect
3. respectful
【知识讲解】
1. respect (1)vt. & n. 尊敬，尊重
respect sb. for sth. 因……而尊敬某人
respect oneself自重
(2) n. 敬意，尊重；方面，关于
have respect for sb. =pay/show respect to sb. 尊敬某人
gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬
out of respect (for…) 出于尊重(……)
treat old people with respect 充满敬意地对待老人
in respect of 关于……；就……而言
with respect to关于/谈到……
2. respectable adj. 可敬的，值得尊敬的；体面的
a respectable person 一个正派的人
respectful adj. 恭敬的；有礼貌的
be respectful to their elders 对长辈有礼貌
respected adj. 受敬重的
respective adj. 各自的，分别的
要点三：argue
1. (2017·浙江改编) The governments ______________(争论) that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.
【参考答案】argue
2. (2014·广东) According to a recent research, the most common between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.
A. interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge
【参考答案】B
【知识讲解】
1. argue vi. 争吵，争论；vi. & vt. 辩论，主张，说服
argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对……
argue with sb. (over/about sth.) (就某事)和某人争论
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that... 主张……；认为……
argue back 反驳
2. argument n. 争论；争吵，论据，论证
have an argument about/over sth. 辩论某事
a heated/loud argument 激烈的争论
beyond argument 无可争辩
【语境妙记】
The workers, who argued for their own rights, argued with the boss for a few days, but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages. 为了自身的权利争论的工人们同他们的老板辩论数日，结果没能说服老板给他们加薪。
要点四：look down upon/on
1. We should not _______________________ disabled people.
我们不应该看不起残疾人。
2. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编)Let’s take a look ______________ them now.
3. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编)Sarah Thomas is ______________(期望) the challenge of her new A-level course.
【参考答案】
1. look down on/upon
2. at
3. looking forward to
【知识讲解】
look up to 敬仰，尊重
look up 抬头看；查阅
look out 当心，小心
look into 调查；了解
look through 浏览；审查；看穿
look on/upon...as... 把……看作……
look forward to 盼望，期待
look down upon/on蔑视，瞧不起
要点五：refer to
(2017·新课标全国卷I改编)What does the underlined phrase ＂the water catcher＂ in paragraph 2 ______________(指的是)?
【参考答案】refer to
【特别注意】
refer to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词等作宾语。
【知识讲解】
1. refer to (1)查阅；参考
refer sb. to sth. 让(人)参考……，让(人)参阅……
(2)谈到，提及；涉及
refer to...as... 把……称作……
refer to sb. for sth. 向某人问及……
2. refer...to... 把……归因/归于……；把……提交给……
3. reference n. 提及，涉及；参考，参考书
for reference以备查阅
要点六：intend
1. (2017·天津改编) You write an unkind message about someone, ______________ (intend) to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing.
2. (2017·天津改编) Clicking ＂reply all＂ ______________(unintention)
3. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编)So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, ______________(intend) back and forth.
【参考答案】
1. intending
2. unintentionally
3. intentional
【知识讲解】
1. intend vt. 计划；打算
intend to do/doing sth. 打算/想要做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 计划让某人做某事
be intended for/to do... 旨在，预定……用途；为……打算的
had intended to do...=intended to have done... 本打算做……
intend that… 打算……
2. intended adj. 打算的；故意的
intention n. 意图；目的；打算
with the intention of… 怀着……目的
have no/every intention of doing sth. (没)有做某事的打算
not have the slightest intention of doing sth. 没有一点儿做某事的打算
intentional adj. 存心的；故意的
intentionally adv. 故意地；存心地
要点七：thanks to
1. (2015·安徽) modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.
A. Thanks to B. As to
C. Except for D. Regardless of
【参考答案】A
【知识讲解】
thanks to由于；多亏
because of 因为；由于
owing to 由于，因……之故
as a result of 作为……的结果，由于
due to 因为，由于(不能放在句首)
on account of 由于；因为
2. 完成句子
①I couldn’t attend the meeting ____________ ____________ illness.
我因病不能出席会议。
②The delay was ____________ ____________ power failure.
延滞是由于停电。
【参考答案】
①owing to/ due to/ because of
②due to
【易混辨析】thanks to, because of, owing to与due to
thanks to, because of, owing to 和due to 都是短语介词，都有＂由于＂、＂因为＂的意思，后面都接名词词组构成介词短语，但在用法上略有不同。
易混词
用法
thanks to
引导的介词短语在句中作状语，多放句首。
because of
引导的介词短语在句中作状语，可放句首或句末。
owing to
引导的介词短语在句中通常作状语或表语。
due to
引导的介词短语在句中通常作状语或表语。
要点八：be satisfied with
1. (2014•北京改编)Apparently ____________(satisfy) that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went.
2. (2014•四川改编) The manager was (satisfy) to see many new products developed after great effort.
【参考答案】
1. satisfied
2. satisfied
【知识讲解】
1. satisfy vt.& vi.(使)满足，(使)满意
satisfy one’s needs/demands满足某人的需要
satisfy sb. with sth. 使某人满足于某事
be satisfied with对……感到满意
2. satisfaction n. 满足，满意
to sb.’s satisfaction=to the satisfaction of sb. 令某人满意的是
with satisfaction 满意地
feel satisfaction at/in对……感到满意
get/ gain/ derive satisfaction from从……中得到满足感
satisfying adj. 令人满意的
satisfactory adj. 令人满意的，够好的
要点九：would rather
1. (2016·浙江) I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer. I be in prison!
A. ought to B. might well
C. would rather D. had better
【参考答案】C
2. 单句改错
①I would rather you come tomorrow rather than today.
____________________________________________________________________________________
②He would rather stay at home than to go out for a walk.
____________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
①come改为came
②删除to
【知识讲解】
would rather宁愿，宁可
would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿(不)做某事
would rather do...than do...=would do...rather than do...宁愿……而不愿……；与其……倒不如……
would rather (that) sb. did... 宁愿某人做某事(表示希望与现在或将来的事实相反)
would rather (that) sb. had done... 宁愿某人做过某事(表示希望与过去的事实相反)
would rather have done本来想做……(而实际上没有做)
要点十：confuse
1. (2017•天津改编)Because of the ____________(confuse), Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.
2. (2016•上海改编)After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was __________(confuse).
3. (2014•新课标全国卷Ⅰ改编)How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) — only to end up confused ___________all of the options in front of you and never make progress?
【参考答案】
1. confusion
2. confused
3. by
【知识讲解】
1. confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难
confuse A with/and B 分不清A和B
confuse black and white混淆黑白；分不清两物之间的不同
confuse sb. with sth. 某事让某人困惑
be confused by 被……弄混/弄糊涂
2. confused adj. 混乱的；迷惑的(表示人的内心感受)
be confused about 对……感到困惑
confusing adj. 难以理解的，令人费解的(表示事物的状态)
【易混辨析】confuse/puzzle
易混词
用法
confuse
表示令人头脑混乱或异常惊讶，有时强调事情的混乱。
puzzle
指事物不能解释，令人感到迷惑，比confuse语气轻。
要点十一：focus
1. (2017•新课标全国卷II改编)We were respectful of craft（技艺）and _________(focus)
on digging into the characters we were going to play.
2. (2015•重庆改编)When everyone else in the class was focusing ___________ tasks, I could not.
3. (2016•北京改编)Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep ___________(focus) for more than an hour at a time.
【参考答案】
1. focused
2. on
3. focused
【知识讲解】
1. focus (1)n. (兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点
be in focus 焦距对准；清晰
be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊
bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上
(2) v. (使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦
focus one’s attention/thoughts/efforts on集中注意力/思想/努力于
the focus of attention关注的焦点
focus sth. on/upon sth.=fix...on...使……集中于……
be focused on/upon sth.=be fixed on 集中于……
2. 近义短语：
fix one’s thoughts/attention on/upon 全神贯注于
concentrate on/upon 全神贯注于
pay attention to 注意
be absorbed in专心于
be buried in 专心于
be lost in全神贯注于
apply oneself to专心，致力于……
devote...to....献身于……；全身心地投入……
【特别提醒】
appreciate后面若跟when/if引导的从句作宾语时，从句之前应用it作形式宾语。类似用法的动词还有hate, love, like, dislike等。
要点十二：content
1. (2017·江苏改编) How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?
By introducing some of its _____________(内容).
2. (2017·天津改编) She seemed so _____________(满意的) in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.
【参考答案】
1. contents
2. content
【知识讲解】
content (1)adj. 满足的，满意的。
feel/be content with 对……满足
be content to do sth. 甘心/满足于做某事
(2)n. 满足；内容；目录；含量。
to one’s heart’s content心满意足地；尽情地
(3)vt. 使满足
content sb./oneself with... 使某人(自己)对……感到满足
【特别提醒】
1. content作＂内容，目录＂理解时为可数名词，常用复数形式。
2. 作定语时应用contented。
【巧学妙记】图记content多个含义：
要点十三：direct
1. (2017·新课标全国卷II改编) This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate _____________(direct), Wang Xiaoying.
2. (2017·新课标全国卷I改编) The low point of the sheet must be centered _____________(direct) over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
3. (2017·浙江改编) He _____________(direct) the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.
4. (2017·天津改编) _____________(direct) are very specific.
【参考答案】
1. Director
2. directly
3. directed
4. Directions
【知识讲解】
1. direct (1) vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥
direct…at/towards sb. /sth. 把……指向某人/事
direct sb. to a place 指引某人到某处
direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事
direct (that) sb. /sth. (should) do/be done 指示/命令某人做/某事被做
【特别提醒】
direct表示命令、指示时，后可以引导that从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用(should＋) do。
(2)adj. 直的，直接的；率直的，恰好的；完全的。
a direct flight/train直飞航班/直达列车
a direct result/link/connection 直接的结果/关系/联系
a direct person/manner/answer 直性子的人/坦率的态度/直截了当的回答
2. direction n. 指导；方向；[常用复数]说明书
in every direction = in all directions 朝四面八方
in the direction of朝……方向
under the direction of 在……的指导下
directly adv.直接地；立即；conj. 一……就……(引导时间状语从句)
要点十四：react
1. (2017•北京改编) However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain ____________(react).
【参考答案】reaction
2. (2016·浙江改编) I made friends with the natives, and their amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists.
A. movement B. reaction C. guidance D. purpose
【参考答案】B
3. How did he ____________your answer?
A. react to B. refer to
C. lead to D. object to
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】考查动词短语。react to对……作出反应；refer to提及，查阅，涉及；lead to导致；object to反对。句意：他对你的回答是怎样反应的？故选A。
【拓展延伸】
1. react vi. 作出反应；回应
react to sb./sth. 对……做出回应
react with sth. 与……起化学反应
react against sb./sth. 反对，对抗某人/事
2. reaction n. 反应，回应
reactive adj. 反应的，回应的；能起化学反应的
reactivity n. 反应性
reactor n. 反应器，核反应堆
要点十五：approach
(2016•新课标全国卷I改编)They then heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. ____________ the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
A. Starting B. Parking
C. Passing D. Approaching
【参考答案】D
【拓展延伸】
approach (1)vt. & vi. 接近，靠近，走近
approach sb. for/about sth. 就某事与某人商量/交涉
be approaching 正在/将要接近
approach to接近，近似
(2)n. 接近；方法；途径
on the approach of...在快到……的时候
make approaches to sb. 设法接近某人
approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法
【易混辨析】approach/method /way/means
approach，way，method和means都可表示＂方法＂，要注意它们的区别：
approach
指处理某事的具体方法、步骤。与介词to连用。
method
指有理论的、系统的、详细的方法。构成method of doing sth 结构。
way
普通用语，侧重简便的方法或途径。构成the way to do/of doing sth 结构。
means
单复数同形，可指具体的或抽象的方法、手段。构成by...means结构。
要点十六：defend
1. (2016•四川改编) They help the body ________________ (保护自己免受) some kinds of infections.
【参考答案】defend itself against
2. (2014•广东改编)For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the
shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to their actions.
A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider
【参考答案】D
【拓展延伸】
defend vt. 保护，防卫；辩护
defend sb. /sth. from...保护某人/物免遭……
defend sb. /sth. against...抵御……
defend with sth. 用……来保卫
3. 用defend, guard或protect的适当形式填空
①She ______________herself successfully in court yesterday.
②A line of forts was built along the border to ______________the country against attack.
③We keep dogs to ______________our houses at night against thieves.
【参考答案】
①defended
②protect/defend
③guard
【易混辨析】defend/guard/protect
defend
指积极地抵抗、防御或挫败迫在眉睫的危险或侵袭，也可指为某人或某论点辩护。常与against连用。
guard
意为＂保卫,警卫,看守＂，指为了保证安全而站立守卫，含有警惕之意。常与against连用。
protect
指借用某种东西作为防御、保护工具，使人或物免受伤害，这种保护的成功率比defend，guard高。常与against，from连用。
【巧学妙记】
要点十七：likely
1. (2017·浙江改编) While ____________ is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings.
2. (2016•新课标全国卷II改编) If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely ____________________ (bring) your work home.
3. (2016•上海) If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely __________________ (get )ill.
【参考答案】
1. it
2. to bring
3. to get
【拓展延伸】
likely adj. 可能的。
It’s likely that sb....=sb. be likely to do...某人很可能……
unlikely adj. 不太可能发生的
be unlikely to...不大可能……
【特别注意】
likely作副词的时候多和most, very连用。
4. 用likely, possible或probable填空
①The thieves were not _____________ to know how much it is worth.
②According to the test, it is _____________ that the disease has a genetic element.
③Would it be _____________ for me to leave a message for her?
【参考答案】
①likely
②probable
③possible
【易混辨析】likely/possible /probable
likely
侧重从表面看，某事很有可能发生，与probable意思相近。likely在作表语时，其主语可以是人也可以是物。
possible
强调客观上有可能，但也常常暗示＂实际上希望很小＂。常用的句式为＂It is possible for sb to do sth＂ 或＂It is possible+that从句＂。其作表语时，不能用人作主语。
probable
主要指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，常有＂大概，很可能＂的意味，语气较possible强。常用的句式为＂It is probable+从句＂。其作表语时，不能用人或不定式作主语。
要点十八：turn one’s back to
1. (2016•天津) Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on
【参考答案】A
2. (2014•安徽) When the sports hero ___________ at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.
A. turned up B. left off
C. moved on D. got away
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】句意：当体育英雄在我们的聚会上出现的时候，他受到热烈的欢迎。turned up出现。
3. (2014•浙江)How could you ____________ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months.
A. turn off B. turn in
C. turn down D. turn to
【参考答案】C
【拓展延伸】
turn one’s back to背对，背弃
turn on 打开
turn down 拒绝；关小
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn to 向……求助；转向
turn up 出现；到达；突然发生
turn over 翻转；翻阅；反复思考
turn one’s back on sb. 不友好地拒绝帮助别人
turn a deaf ear to 对……置若罔闻
turn a blind eye to 对……视而不见
要点十九：attraction
1. (2017·北京改编) TOKNOW makes complex ideas _____________(attract) and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy（哲学）— and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.
2. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编) This _____________(attract) tour takes you to some of San Francis’s most cheerful holiday scenes.
3. (2015•上海改编)Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of _____________ (attract).
【参考答案】
1. attractive
2. attractive
3. attraction
4. (2017·新课标全国卷I)Both the hand movements and the very idea of communicating
without speaking ____________ me.
A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted
【参考答案】D
【拓展延伸】
1. attraction n. 有吸引力的事物；吸引
have an/no/a little/much attraction for sb. 对某人具有/不具有/有一点/很有吸引力
2. attract vt. 吸引；引起
attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
attract sb. to...使某人受……吸引
attractive adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的
be attractive to sb. 对某人有吸引力
attractively adv. 动人地，迷人地
要点二十：come to life
1. (2015•重庆改编) As the sun’s rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa _________________________(活跃起来).
【参考答案】comes to life
2. (2015•浙江) We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or ___________ our emotions than for straight facts.
A. block off B. appeal to
C. subscribe to D. come across
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】句意：我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我们的。A. block off封锁，B. appeal to吸引，C. subscribe to订阅，D. come across遇到。该句的句式使用到了一个比较句式以及一个定语从句，看起来有一点复杂，这道题的关键就是连词or，or＂或者＂，用于并列句。所以 our emotions跟前面excite our senses(让我们激动)意思是相同的，根据句意不难得出答案是B。
【拓展延伸】
come to life活跃起来；苏醒过来
come back to life 苏醒过来
come to oneself 苏醒过来
come to 总计；谈到；达到某种状态
when it comes to… 当谈到……的时候
bring…to life 使……生动；使苏醒；使想起
make a life维持生计，谋生
live/lead a(n)…life过着……的生活
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