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句子类型 ‎【要点提示】‎ 英语句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。‎ ‎1. 简单句由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成,其五种基本句型分别为:“主语 + 不及物动词”、“主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语”、“主语 + 系动词 + 表语”、“主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”、“主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”。‎ ‎2. 并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句(即分句)组成。常用的连词或副词有and, but, or, then, so等。‎ ‎3. 复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。初中阶段要求掌握宾语从句和状语从句的简单用法。‎ ‎【考点分述】‎ 句子类型的考点主要集中在复合句上面,下面就初中阶段需要掌握的复合句的用法作一归纳。‎ ‎1. 宾语从句 ‎1)由that引导的宾语从句。有大量的动词可以接 that引导的宾语从句,如advise, agree, believe, decide, find, hear, hope, insist, know, learn, mean, realize, say, see, show, suggest, tell, think, wish等。‎ ‎2)由连接代(副)词引导的宾语从句。这类连接代(副)词主要有what, who, which, where, why, how, whether, if等。‎ ‎3)直接引语变间接引语时常用到宾语从句。‎ ‎2. 状语从句 ‎1)时间状语从句。时间状语从句通常由when, while, as, since, after, before, as soon as, till / until等引导。其中需要我们注意的是:当主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。例如:‎ I won’t go out until my mother returns.‎ ‎2) 地点状语从句。地点状语从句通常由where,‎ wherever等引导。‎ ‎3) 原因状语从句。原因状语从句通常由because,‎ since, as等引导。其中需要我们注意的是:because 和 so 不能同时出现一个句子中。例如:‎ Because she failed again, so she was unhappy. (×)‎ She failed again, so she was unhappy. (√)‎ ‎4) 条件状语从句。条件状语从句通常由if, unless等引导。其中需要我们注意的是:当主句是一般将来时,条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。例如:If you will work hard, you’ll succeed. (×)‎ If you work hard, you’ll succeed. (√)‎ ‎5) 目的状语从句。目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that等引导。‎ ‎6) 结果状语从句。结果状语从句通常由so, so ...‎ that, such ... that等引导。其中需要我们注意的是:在such ... that引导的结果状语从句中,such 后接名词, 在so ... that引导的结果状语从句中,so后接形容词或副词。当名词前有many, few, much, little等词时,通常用so,而不用such。例如:‎ Eric was so good at Maths that he got the first place in the Maths contest.‎ He gave me such good advice that I finished the task easily.‎ Mike had so little money that he was unable to buy a mobile phone.‎ ‎7) 让步状语从句。让步状语从句通常由even though, even if, although, though等来引导。其中需要我们注意的是:在含有although或though引导的让步状语从句的复合句中,主句不能同时出现but。例如:‎ Although / Though he is famous, but he is not happy. (×)‎ Although / Though he is famous, he is not happy. (√)‎ ‎8) 方式状语从句。方式状语从句通常由as引导。‎ ‎9) 比较状语从句。比较状语从句通常由as / so ...‎ as,than等引导。‎ ‎【专项练习】‎ Ⅰ. 请根据汉语句子意思,将下列句子译成英语。‎ ‎1. 她很早就到了。‎ ‎___________________________________________‎ ‎2. 这种纸摸起来很柔软。‎ ‎___________________________________________‎ ‎3. 你能把那本字典递给我吗?‎ ‎___________________________________________ ‎ ‎4. 我停下来找那支钢笔,但没找到。‎ ‎___________________________________________‎ ‎5. 上个月我们选了他当班长。‎ ‎___________________________________________‎ ‎6. 我听见那个女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。‎ ‎___________________________________________‎ ‎7. 他的女儿嫁给了一个工程师。‎ ‎___________________________________________‎ ‎8. 湖里有许多鱼。‎ ‎___________________________________________‎ ‎9. 这就是你想要的那本杂志。‎ ‎___________________________________________‎ ‎10. 我认为他在八点前不会回来的。‎ ‎___________________________________________‎ Ⅱ. 请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。‎ ‎( )1. We won’t get there on time __________ we leave early tomorrow morning.‎ A. if B. unless C. when D. because ‎( )2. ________they had finished their work, they went home.‎ A. When B. While C. After D. Until ‎( )3. The students can’t answer the question, ________ it is too hard.‎ A. before B. although C. after D. because ‎( )4. He didn’t go home __________the rain stopped.‎ A. when B. after C. since D. until ‎( )5. —Have you found your gloves?‎ ‎—Yes, they were lying _________ I often put my watch.‎ A. what B. which ‎ C. how D. where ‎( )6. He wants to find a better job__________ he can make more money.‎ A. as soon as B. so that C. where D. while ‎( )7. You must take the medicine___________ you get well.‎ A. while B. since C. till D. so ‎( )8. The old man helped lots of children with their schooling, __________he was not rich enough.‎ A. if B. unless C. since D. though ‎( )9. —Why don’t you join the basketball club?‎ ‎— ___________I am not interested in it.‎ A. Because B. For C. As D. Since ‎ ‎( )10. —_________ he is rich, __________there is something that he can’t buy.‎ ‎—Yes. Such as friendship and love.‎ A. Because, 不填 B. Though, 不填 ‎ C. Because, so D. Though, but ‎( )11.___________he is old, he is healthy enough.‎ A. If B. But C. As soon as D. Although ‎( )12. ____________I thought the book was boring, the other students in my class liked it.‎ A. So B. Because C. Although D. If ‎( )13. You will make great progress_________ you study very hard.‎ A. if B. unless C. before D. until ‎( )14. —How long have you been collecting stamps?‎ ‎— ____________I was ten years old.‎ A. When B. Since C. Before D. After ‎( )15.__________ I didn’t feel well yesterday, I asked for leave.‎ A. Although B. But C. Unless D. Because ‎( )16. —Where is my radio?‎ ‎—You lent it to me _________ you were in the classroom yesterday.‎ A. when B. where C. because D. before ‎( )17. You should ask for your mother’s suggestions __________ you make your own decision.‎ A. after B. before ‎ C. until D. as ‎( )18. He met many difficulties _________he was looking for his first job.‎ A. before B. as soon as C. while D. until ‎( )19. You can cross the street____________ the traffic lights turn green.‎ A. though B. but C. before D. after ‎( )20. We’ll go climbing if it___________ this weekend.‎ A. won’t rain B. isn’t raining C. wasn’t raining D. doesn’t rain ‎( )21. Don’t worry. I will help you ___________ I finish my work.‎ A. while B. as soon as C. unless D. though ‎( )22. __________I was having dinner, Scott called me.‎ A. Since B. While C. Because D. If ‎( )23. She can run as fast_________ her mother, she is only ten years old.‎ A. as, though B. as, unless C. than, when D. than, as ‎( )24. __________you have come, you shouldn’t go away soon.‎ A. Although B. Because C. Since D. So that ‎( )25. Do you mind __________I go to visit your farm this weekend?‎ A. if B. because C. as D. until ‎( )26. The boy had been sent to hospital _________the policemen came.‎ A. as B. while C. when D. if ‎( )27. Mary finds it easier to speak_________ to write.‎ A. as B. than C. so D. if ‎( )28. He was watching TV___________ the alien (外星人) came ‎ in.‎ A. while B. as C. since D. when ‎( )29. _________ he refused my invitation, I was not angry with him.‎ A. Because B. But C. Though D. As ‎( )30. He ate _________food _________ he couldn’t go to sleep quickly.‎ A. so much, that B. so many, so C. so much, as D. so many, that ‎ Ⅲ. 同义句转换,每空一词(含缩写)。‎ ‎1. He went to sleep after eleven o’clock.‎ He ______________go to sleep________________ eleven o’clock.‎ ‎2. Put on your coat, and you’ll feel very warm.‎ ‎______________ you put on your coat, ___________feel very warm.‎ ‎3. He is too tired to go any farther.‎ He is____________ tired _____________ he can’t go any farther.‎ ‎4. I will open the box if you don’t let me know what’s in it.‎ I will open the box ________________ you _____________ _____________ ____________ what’s in it.‎ ‎5. Tom is so clever that we all like him.‎ Tom is _____________ ____________ _____________ boy that we all like him.‎ Ⅳ. 下列各句带下划线部分中有一处错误,请找出并改正。‎ ‎1. He won’t go home until the rain will stop. ____________‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. Since her parents had died, so she had to work to support herself. ____________‎ ‎3. He was running on the playground such fast as he could. ____________‎ ‎4. He is very careful that he never makes mistakes. ____________‎ ‎5. Helen had gone out while her mother got home. ____________‎ ‎6. The building of our school is higher as that of their school. ____________‎ ‎7. I gave him such much help that he was moved to tears. ____________ ‎ ‎8. Though she was ill, she couldn’t come to school. ____________‎ ‎9. He didn’t come back since it was ten o’clock. ____________‎ ‎10. Can you tell me that there’s a bookstore near here? ____________ ‎ Ⅴ. 请根据句意,用适当的连接词填空,使句意完整、通顺。‎ ‎1. ________________he opened the window,a bird flew in.‎ ‎2. I haven’t heard from him ________________ he went abroad.‎ ‎3. He ran ________________fast ________________ no one could catch him.‎ ‎4. Jenny will not go swimming with us ________________she is too busy.‎ ‎5. I felt very sad________________ the book was lost.‎ ‎6. Don’t move — just stay ________________ you are!‎ ‎7. I’ll continue writing to her, ________________she never answers.‎ ‎8. He explained clearly ________________ we could understand.‎ ‎9. Don’t leave the classroom________________ you finish the test.‎ ‎10. She sings ________________ she walks.‎ ‎11. He won’t come to the party ________________ he is invited.‎ ‎12. ________________ she is only seven years old,she knows quite a lot.‎ ‎13. ________________he is not old, his hair is turning grey.‎ ‎14. The teacher didn’t begin his class________________ all the students were seated.‎ ‎15. ________________ James caught a bad cold yesterday, he had to stay at home.‎ ‎16. ________________ you go to bed earlier, you won’t feel tired in the morning.‎ ‎17. I was watching TV, ________________ my sister was listening to music.‎ ‎18. The classroom is not so clean________________ it was yesterday.‎ ‎19. More and more foreigners are learning Chinese________________ they can communicate well with the Chinese.‎ ‎20. ________________ I get to Guangzhou, I will write to you.‎ Ⅵ. 请选择适当的词语填空(每项限用一次)。‎ ‎1. when, while, as, as soon as, until, since ‎(1) It’s many years________________the World War Ⅱ. ‎ ‎(2) I’ll tell you the good news ________________ I get there.‎ ‎(3) He didn’t go to bed ________________11 o’clock last night.‎ ‎(4) We were swimming in the river ________________ it started to rain.‎ ‎(5) Sports build our body________________ reading builds our mind.‎ ‎(6) He jumps________________ he goes along.‎ ‎2. so ... that, such ... that, so that ‎(1) The animals were ________________ lovely ________________I spent the whole day in the zoo.‎ ‎(2) I’d like to arrive there 20 minutes earlier _______________I can have time for a cup of tea.‎ ‎(3) It’s ________________a big fish ________________it needs many people to catch it.‎ ‎3. because, since ‎(1) ________________ you have grown up, you should not depend on your parents.‎ ‎(2) He couldn’t come to your party ________________ he was ill.‎ ‎4. although, though, but ‎(1) ________________ it was so cold, he went out without a coat.‎ ‎(2) The article is excellent, ________________ it is very short.‎ ‎(3) Some people think winter is a bad season, ________________ it’s a good season for me because I love snow.‎ ‎5. if, unless, as, than ‎(1) ________________ you come early, you will meet him.‎ ‎(2) He will come to your party ________________he has something else to do.‎ ‎(3) Li Jun is taller________________ Li Ming.‎ ‎(4) Air is to man ________________water is to fish.‎ 参考答案 句子类型专项练习 Ⅰ. 1. She arrived quite early. 2. The kind of paper feels very soft. ‎ ‎ 3. Could you please pass me the dictionary? / Could you please ‎ pass the dictionary to me?‎ ‎ 4. I stopped to look for the pen, but I found nothing. ‎ ‎ 5. We chose him as our monitor last month.‎ ‎ 6. I heard the girl singing in the next room. ‎ ‎ 7. His daughter married an engineer.‎ ‎ 8. There are many fish in the lake. ‎ ‎ 9. This is the magazine (that / which) you want.‎ ‎ 10. I don’t suppose that he will come back before eight o’clock.‎ Ⅱ. 1-5 BCDDD 6-10 BCDAB 11-15 DCABD ‎ ‎ 16-20 ABCDD 21-25 BBACA 26-30 CBDCA Ⅲ. 1. didn’t, until 2. If, you’ll 3. so, that 4. unless, let me know ‎ 5. such a clever ‎ Ⅳ. 1. will stop→stops 2. 去掉so 3. such→as 4. very→so ‎ ‎ 5. while→when / before 6. as→than 7. such→so ‎ ‎ 8. Though→Because 9. since→until / till 10. that→if / whether Ⅴ. 1. When / After 2. since 3. so, that 4. if / because ‎ ‎ 5. because / after 6. where ‎ ‎ 7. though / although / even though / even if ‎ 8. so that / in order that 9. before / until / unless 10. as ‎ ‎ 11. unless 12. Although / Though 13. Although / Though ‎ ‎ 14. until 15. Because 16. If 17. while 18. as ‎ ‎ 19. so that / in order that 20. As soon as / After / When ‎ Ⅵ. 1. (1)since (2)as soon as (3)until (4)when (5)while (6)as ‎ 2. (1)so, that (2)so that (3)such, that ‎ ‎ 3. (1)Since (2)because ‎ 4. (1)Although / Though (2)although / though (3)but ‎ 5. (1)If (2)unless (3)than (4)as ‎ 查看更多

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