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主谓一致 ‎【要点提示】‎ 所谓主谓一致,主要是指主语和谓语动词在“人称”和“数”上的一致,其基本原则有三个:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和邻近原则。下面就初中阶段需要掌握的重点内容作一归纳。‎ ‎1. 主语是单数,即使后面跟with, except, as well as等引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如:‎ Mr Green with two students is standing outside the classroom.‎ ‎2. each以及由every, some, any, no等构成的不定代词在句中作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:‎ Each of the children has an apple. ‎ Everything begins to grow fast in spring.‎ ‎3. 动词不定式(短语)、v-ing形式(短语)等在句中作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。例如:‎ To do is much more difficult than to say. ‎ Climbing hills is his hobby.‎ ‎4. 表示时间、金钱、长度等的短语作主语表示整体时,谓语动词常用单数形式。例如:‎ Three years has already passed.‎ ‎5. “one of + 复数名词 / 代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:‎ One of the students was hurt in the accident.‎ ‎6. family, class, police等集体名词作主语表示整体概念时,谓语动词用单数形式;若表示具体成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:‎ His family is moving next month. ‎ His family enjoy watching the football match.‎ ‎★但是people一词在表示“人”时,总是表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:‎ Look! Three American people are playing with the dog.‎ ‎7. 由and连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如果表示的是一种事物或一个概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式。例如:‎ His mother and his sister are good at dancing. ‎ The teacher and writer is the twins’ father.‎ ‎8. “some / all / half / most / the rest / 分数等 + of + 名词 / 代词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of 后的名词或代词的数。例如:‎ Half of the milk was polluted. ‎ The rest of the doctors are all from Canada.‎ ‎9. what, who 等疑问代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。但是,如果说话人确信回答中要用复数主语(尤其是问句中的某些词语表明答句中要用复数主语时),则可用动词的复数形式。例如:‎ What’s in the box? ‎ Who have not received their postcards?‎ ‎10. “... pair(s) / kind(s) / sort(s)等 + of + 名词”‎ 作主语时,谓语动词常与pair(s) / kind(s) / sort(s)等保持一致。例如:‎ This kind of book is interesting. ‎ These kinds of books are sold well.‎ ‎11. “none / neither / either + of + 复数名词 / 代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。例如:‎ Neither of them are / is welcome.‎ ‎12. either ... or ... / neither ... nor ... / ... or ... / not only ... but also ...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词一般和与之靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致,即采用邻近原则。there be句型中的谓语动词的数也常采用该原则。例如:‎ Either you or he has to stay at home. ‎ Has Lucy or you called me?‎ ‎★但是both ... and ...连接并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:‎ Both he and she are good at English.‎ ‎【专项练习】‎ Ⅰ. 请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。‎ ‎( )1. —Do you live alone, Mr Chen?‎ ‎—Yes, __________ of my children lives with me.‎ A. neither B. both C. all D. nothing ‎( )2. To me, fifty yuan __________ enough.‎ A. have B. has C. is D. are ‎( )3. Two thirds of the birds in the forest __________ killed by people last year.‎ A. were B. was C. has been D. had been ‎( )4. Tom with other boys __________ to watch the game.‎ A. want B. wants ‎ C. had wanted D. have wanted ‎( )5. Doing eye exercises every day __________ good for your eyes.‎ A. are B. is C. has D. have ‎( )6. His family __________ all very kind and friendly.‎ His family__________ a happy one. ‎ A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are ‎ ‎( )7. One of the books __________ written by a policeman.‎ A. was B. are C. were D. be ‎( )8. Either you or he __________ the chance to drive to Beijing.‎ A. is B. are C. have D. has ‎( )9. — __________ this pair of shoes your father’s?‎ ‎—No. They __________ my brother’s.‎ A. Are; is B. Are; are C. Is; are D. Is; is ‎( )10. —__________ someone coming this evening?‎ ‎—I’m not sure.‎ A. Was B. Is C. Are D. Were Ⅱ. 下列各句带下划线部分中有一处错误,请找出并改正。‎ ‎1. The number of the students are 50. ________________‎ ‎2. Physics seem easy for him. ________________ ‎ ‎3. Are there anything interesting in today’s newspaper? ______________‎ ‎4. Most of the water are clean in the countryside. _________________‎ ‎5. Both Tom and I was students at that time. _____________________‎ 参考答案 主谓一致专项练习 Ⅰ. 1-5 ACABB 6-10 AADCB Ⅱ. 1. are→is 2. seem→seems 3. Are→Is 4. are→is ‎ 5. was→were 查看更多

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