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初中英语知识点汇总:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句句子的类型(一)教学重点句子的类型:陈述句陈述句(包括肯定的或否定的)用来叙述一项事实。陈述句的结构分为肯定结构和否定结构两种。1、陈述句的肯定结构(1)主语与谓语的一致,句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须一致。如:I was having dinner when he came in.He is now working at a bank.①谓语只跟主语的中心词保持一致,修饰词不影响主语的数:The quality of this kind of bike is poor.There be结构和其他倒装句中,谓语通常放在主语的前面,这时谓语是单数还是复数,要依后面的主语而定,如:There is no milk in the bottle.There are no students iin the classroom.②“one of ……”结构作主语,谓语应该用单数。如:One of the students is absent.Making things is a good activity.What hurt her most is his words.③由and连接两个或两个以上的名词,由“both…and…”连接的两个成分作主语,其谓语动词通常用复数形式,如:Susan and Sally like pop music.The worker and the peasant are going to give us a talk.④单数名词后面有下面词语修饰时,主语不受这些词或词组的影响with….   like…  as well as…  together with…  He, as well as his classmates, likes popular songs.Mr Li, together with his wife and two songs, is on holiday these days.⑤由连词“either…or…”,“neither…nor…”,“not only…but also…”,also, nor, or连接两个名词或代词,谓语动词的形式应与最近的主语保持一致Neither I nor my brother is good at maths.Either you or I’m wrong.注意:表示数量、时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。用于数学运算的数字作主语,谓语通常也用单数形式。如:Ten pounds is enough.    Two hours is a long time.2、陈述句的否定形式(1)带有系动词、助动词、情态动词的肯定句,只要把not, never加在这些动词后面,就能把肯定句变为否定,no通常否定名词或动名词I’m not a doctor.     I haven’t got a camera.I have never met him before.(2)若谓语是行为动词,前面又没有助动词和情态动词,只要在谓语动词之前加助动词do( does, did ) not就行。I didn’t go to the concert yesterday.He doesn’t speak English(3)no修饰复数名词作主语,谓语动词要用复数。如果no修饰单数名词作主语,谓语动词要用单数。如:No men are admitted    No man is admitted.(4)表示部分否定的词有:not all, not everything, not everybody, not everywhere, not both, not always.Not everybody enjoys fishing.Not everything goes well.句子的类型(二)教学重点句子的类型:疑问句疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子,疑问句末尾用问号“?”。疑问句一般分为:一般疑问句;特殊疑问句;选择疑问句和反意疑问句。1、一般疑问句(1) 含有系动词、助动词、情态动词的陈述句改为疑问句:要把这些动词提到主语的前面,句末用问号。Are you a policeman?   Must I go now?(2) 如果谓语是行为动词,它前面又没有任何助动词、情态动词,这时就要用助动词do ( does, did )来构成疑问句。Does he often write to you ?Did you enjoy yourself last Sunday?2、特殊疑问句(1) 特殊疑问句由“疑问词+一般疑问句”构成,其中一般疑问句又采取倒装或部分倒装的形式。(2) 特殊疑问句的疑问词通常分为疑问代词和疑问副词两种。3、选择疑问句它的结构是“一般疑问句 + or + 一般疑问句“,回答这类问题时要选择其中一种具体进行回答。Is her brother a doctor or a teacher?Her brother a doctor.4、反意疑问句反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个简略形式的疑问句构成,中间用逗号隔开。通常有两种形式:①陈述句谓语用肯定形式 + 疑问句谓语用否定形式;He is stupid, isn’t he?②陈述句谓语用否定形式 + 疑问句谓语用肯定形式;He doesn’t like sports, does he?(5) 如果陈述部分是主从复合句,那么疑问部分的谓语应该跟主语的谓语所用形式一样。You never told us you are the headmaster, did you?注意:① used to用在句中时,也可用usen’t 或usedn’t来引起反意疑问句。He used to swim in winter, didn’t he? =He used to swim in winter, usen’t he?② 当陈述句中的主语为everybody, everyone, anyone, nobody, none, no one时,疑问部分通常要用they来代替。    Everybody admires him, don’t they?③ 如果陈述句部分已经用了表示否定意义的词,如never, nothing, hardly,那么疑问部分应该使用肯定形式。He never speaks loudly, does he?④ 当陈述句部分的主语为everything, nothing, anything, something时,疑问部分的主语要用it.Something is wrong with the machine, isn’t it?Everything is in good order, isn’t it?⑤ 祈使句的反意疑问句部分要用shall, will。Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句,所以反意疑问句为“shall we?”, let me 和let us表示第二人称的祈使句,反意疑问句为“will you?”,其他行为动词引起的祈使句,反意疑问句都为“will you?”。祈使句的反意疑问句通常只有肯定形式。Let’s go for a walk, shall we?Let’s stop for a rest, will you?⑥ 感叹句的反意疑问句要用“be”的现在时,对人的感叹,用“he”“you”等,对事物的感叹,用“it”,而且疑问部分必须用否定式。What a clever boy, isn’t he?What a wonderful lecture, isn’t it? 句子的类型(三)教学重点句子的类型:祈使句  感叹句祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等,谓语动词一律用原形。句中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或者句号。1、肯定的祈使句(1) 句型:动词原形……(省略主语)。如:Look at these holes!   Please keep the classroom quiet.(2) 有时,为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加do。Do be quiet.     Do study hard.(3) 祈使句中如果有呼语,一定要用逗号“,”隔开。放在句首或句尾。Come here, Li Ming.2、否定的祈使句(1) 句型:Don’g + 动词原形……Don’t make the same mistake.  Don’t look out of the windows.(2) 祈使句与陈述句的改写祈使句=You must ……Be quiet. = you must be quiet.Don’t make any noise = You mustn’t make any noise.Please + 祈使句 = Will you please ……?Please read after me = Will you please read after me?3、祈使句Let…句型Let作为动词常常用于祈使句,但表达意义不相同Let表示“建议”后面跟第一人称代词作宾语。Let’s go to school together!   Let me try again.Let表示“间接命令或愿望”,后面接第三人称代词作宾语。Let him work out the problem by himself.Let Li Ping be monitor.感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪,带有强烈的感情色彩。感叹句主要有两种:What + 名词词组;What a beautiful day it is!How + 形容词或副词How well they have learned English!How well he swims!注意:What 修饰单数可数名词时,如果这一名词有形容词修饰,也可以用how来引导感叹句,但是不定冠词a, an要放在形容词的后面。What a beautiful park!How beautiful a park it is!补充练习按要求进行句型转换1.We have many cakes for supper (变为否定疑问句)2.I would like a cup of tea, please. (变为一般疑问句)3.He is a teacher, (a student) (改为选择疑问句)4.It is a nice box. (改为感叹句)5.The workers are working hard. (改为感叹句)6.Tom is sitting on the desk. (改为否定的祈使句)7.Everything is ready, ___________ ?  (以下改为反意疑问句)8.This isn’t your book, _____________ ?9.Don’t look out of the window, _____________ ? 查看更多

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