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动词不定式
The infinitive动词不定式考纲要求
1 掌握动词不定式的肯定式和否定式的构成形式；
2 掌握不定式作宾语、宾补、主语、表语的用法；
3 了解不定式作定语、状语的用法；
4 熟记一些常用动词不定式作宾语的动词，如
decide, fail, refuse, manage, choose, hope,
agree, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer,
afford, demand。动词不定式考纲要求
5.
掌握动词不定式在某些动词后作宾补时省去to的
用法。在主动结构中，“四看”（see，watch，
notice，observe）、“三使”（make，let，
have）、“两听”（hear，listen
to）、“一感觉”（feel）后+宾语+不带to的不
定式。但是这些省去的to在变成被动语态后需加
上to。一.不定式的句法功能
1 主语
2 宾语
3 表语
4 定语
5 状语
6 补语动词不定式作宾语补足语,位于宾语后，说明宾语是
什么或者怎么样；常见的能跟宾补的动词有：lead
,invite , get , help,tell , send , order
(light so)
ask , allow,advise(3a)
want , would like , wish, warn(4w)等.
不定式做宾语补足语 2.She told me not to give the book
to him.
例如：
1. I asked Paul to carry the box.
常构成下面的句式: V + sb. + to do
其否定形式为： V +sb. not +to do
Kong Kang helped us to learn English. (1 ligh so,) (2t) (3a) (4w)1.I asked Paul to carry the box.
2.She told me not to give the book to
him.
3.She asked me to help her.
4.The teacher told him to come on
time.
5.Edison’s mother taught him to
read and write.
1.Don’t ask Jim ___(go) swimming with us,
because his mother won’t allow him ___(do)
so.
2. Does you mother wish you ____a doctor?
A. being B. to be C. become
3. My teacher always tells me ___________ (study)
hard.
4. I don’t want you ____ ____________(help) me.
5. She’d like me ______________ (join) them.
to go
to do
B
to study
to help
to join6. I wish you ___ _________(have) a good time.
7. My best friends teach me ___ __________(swim).
8. Her friend often invites her ____________ (have)
dinner.
9. My mother always gets my father ___________
(do) housework.
10. I order you ________________ (wash) your hands.
to have
to swim
to have
to do
to wash注意：2.以上动词在被动情况下不省略to
• 即make sb do sth→sb be made to do sth.
• hear/see…sb do sth →
• sb be heard/seen to do sth.
She is heard to sing in the next room ．
• his sister is often made to wash his clothes.
• The little girl is seen to run into the school.注意：1.作宾语补足语不带to 的情况（主动情况）：
• 1.感 feel
• 2.听 hear 、listen(to)
• 3.让 have、let、make.
• 5.看 see、notice、look
at、observe、watch(注视、观看)
• help后面作宾补的不定式,可以带to也可以不带to.
• 例如:
注意：1.作宾语补足语不带to 的情况（主动情况）：
例如:
1.We often hear her sing in the next
room ．
2.What makes you think so ？
3.She helped the old woman (to) cross the
street.
她帮助老太太过马路.• 练一练：
• 1. “Don’t always make Michael ______ this or
that. He is already a big boy, dear.” Mr. Bush
said to his wife.
• A. do B. to do C. does D. did
• 2.Please let me ___ where the meeting is
____tomorrow.
• A. know; to be held B. to know; to hold
• C. knowing; to be held D. known; to hold
•
A
A练一练：
3. Colours can change our moods and make us
__happy or sad，energetic or sleepy．
A．to feel B．feeling C．felt D．feel
4. When they went into the park, they saw
someone _____ Chinese Kongfu .
A.play B. played C. to play
5.Mr. Brown made his students _____ the new
words again.
A.copying B. copy C. to copy
B
B
A 6.Please let the students___ down.
A. sitting B. to sit C. sit
7.—Is Wei Fang good at singing?
--- Yes, she is. We often hear her _____
in her room.
A.to sing B. sing C. sings
C
B• 和 do 连用的固定搭配
1 had better + (not) do sth.
最好做（不做）某事
2 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
(sb. be made to do sth.)
3 Why not do sth? 为何不做某事?
4 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做过做某事
(sb. be heard to do sth.)• 练一练：
1. John was made ______ the truck for a week as a
punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
2． - Do you often see William _____ on the
playground?
- No．but he is often seen _____ Chinese
Kongfu in the park．
A．run，play B．run，to play
C．running，play D．running，to play
A
B5. I get up early to catch the bus. (做目的状语)
I am sorry to hear that.
Let’s stop to have a rest.
The orange are too high to reach.
She didn’t work hard enough to pass the
exam.
(表原因)
(表目的)
(表结果)
不定式做状语：常用来表示目的，原因或结果。练一练：
1.She sells flowers ___ money.
A. made B. make C. to make
2.The room is not big enough ____.
A. to live in B. for living C. to live
3. I’m sorry ______ you .
A.hit B. to hit C. hitting
4. He is too young ___ (go) to school.
C
A
B
to go6. 作定语(后置）
动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词 、代词的后面。
eg：He is the first person to sail around the world.
I have a lot of work to do．
The doctor said he could do nothing to help
the boy．
提示：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，
且动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：
I have a small bedroom to live in．
Have you got some pens to write with？
返回练一练：
1.I have something _______ ﹙要说﹚.
2.She has a lot of work _______﹙做﹚every
day .
3. The old man has a house _______ ﹙住
﹚.
4. She is a nice person__________ ﹙谈话﹚ .
to say
to do
to live in
to talk with7. 疑问词who, what, which, where, when,
how 加to do可构成不定式短语, 在句中可用
作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。
When to start has not been decided. (主语)
I don’t know what to do. (宾语)
He can tell you where to get the book.
(宾语补足语)
The question is who(m) to ask. (表语)7. 疑问词+ to do 构成短语
We don’t know when to leave Beijing.
Can you show me how to swim.
He didn’t tell me when to leave.练一练：
1.Joe is teaching Alice ______the chair.
A.how mend
B. how mending
C. how to mend
2. I don’t know what________ (do) next.
3. Could you tell me when __________ (have)
dinner?
C
to do
to have ①find it+adj+to do
=find (that) it is… to do.
②think it…to do…
=think (that) it is adj+to do sth.
I found it easy to learn English.
=I found it is easy to learn English.
Exercise:
I felt it hard ______(give) up
______(smoke)
不定式重点句式③It’s time to do sth.是该做某事的时候了。
④It’s one’s duty to do sth做某事是某人的责任
⑤It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
⑥Take turns to do sth.轮流做某事
⑦It takes sb some time to do sth花费某人一些时间
做某事
⑧ It costs sb some money to do sth花费某人一些金
钱做某事③轮流做某事
④花费某人一些时间做某事
⑤花费某人一些金钱做某事
⑥是该做某事的时候了。
⑦做某事是某人的责任
⑧ 轮到某人做某事练一练：
1.It cost me 5 yuan _____ (buy) the book
yesterday.
2.It will take him 8 minutes ____ (get) there.
3.We take turns ____ (clean) the classroom.
4. It’s already time _____ (stop)
_________(discuss)
5. It’s my duty __________ (protect) you
to buy
to get
to clean
to stop
discussing
to protect特殊用法：
1. 只能跟ing 的动词：
• finish（完成）, enjoy(乐意), mind（介意）,
keep(on)（继续）, practise（练习）,
feel like（喜欢）, be busy doing（忙于），
give up（放弃）,
look forward to doing（盼望）,
can’t help doing（禁不住）,
be used to doing（习惯于…）练一练：
1. She needs some paper to _____ .
A.write B.write in C.write with D.write on
2.Give me a pen _______.
A. write B. to write
C. write with D. to write with
3. ---Shopping with me?
---Sorry. I have a lot of clothes ____ .
A.washed B.wash C.to wash D.to be washed
D
D
C 练一练：
1.I can’t help _____ (cry) .
2. He didn’t finish ____ (do) homework.
3. Would you mind ____ (close) the
window.
4. Every day Mary practice ____(speak)
English.
练一练：
5. Kangkang is busy _____ (watch) TV
now.
6. I look forward to ___ (hear) from you.
7. They keep ____ (play) basketball.
8. My sister feels like ______ (eat) ice
cream.1.forget/remember to do sth(没做过此事)
forget/remember doing sth(已做过此事)
Eg.I will never forget writing to you when I
was 12 years old.
I’m sorry I forgot to see you off this
morning.1. 我永远忘不了初次寄信的情景。
I‘ll never forget _______ （post）a letter for
the first time.
2. 她忘记寄这封信了。
She forgot ________(post) the letter.
3. I remember __________ ( see )her once.
4. Remember ____________ （phone）me.
posting
to post
seeing
to phone2.stop /go on to do 与stop/go on doing ：
stop to do 停下其它的事情，去做不定式的动作。
We are so tired. Let’s stop to have a rest.
我们太累了，让我们停下来休息一会儿吧。
stop doing是指停下来正在做的事情
The students stopped talking when the teacher
came in.
1.She reached the top of the hill and stopped
____on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. resting B. to rest C. rest
2. It’s time for class ,please stop
________(talk)
3. He stopped _______(say)hello to me when
he saw me.
4. It’s too late, let’s stop_________(work)
5. He stopped________(cry) when seeing his
mother.
C
talking
to say
working
crying• 3. try to do 尽力做某事
try doing ：试着做某事
她设法打电话找你。
She tried to get you on the phone
她试着写作文。
She tried writing a compositionExercises
1. -- You’ve done very well this time.
-- It’s really kind ______.
A. for you to say so B. for you saying so
C. of you to say so D. of you saying so
2. It is better to lose one’s life than ____.
A. if you lose your spirit
B. losing his spirit
C. to lose one’s spirit
D. your spirit getting lost
C
C3. – I can’t work in this way.
-- Why not ____ it in some other way?
A. try to do B. try doing
C. trying to do D. trying doing
4. Since you find it difficult ____ a decision,
you’d better a discussion( 讨论) with your
parents.
A. reach; have B. reaching; have
C. reach; having D. to reach; have
B
D5. My father hates(痛恨) ___. He never allows me
_____.
A. to smoke; to smoke
B. smoking; smoking
C. smoke; smoking
D. smoking; to smoke
6. The girl was beginning ___.
A. get angry B. to get angry
C. getting angry D. angry
D
B7. There isn’t any difference between the two.
I really don’t know ________.
A. where to choose B. which to choose
C. what to choose D. to choose which
8. The bag is too heavy for me _______.
A. to carry it B. not to carry it
C. to carry D. not to carry
9. The teacher will teach him _______.
A. to use B. use it
C. how to use it D. uses
B
C
C
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